Aha Emperor of All Russia maka oge mbụ were Ivan III. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian ala

Nkera nke abụọ nke iri na ise na narị afọ - bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa oge na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia. N'oge a na-eme n'ọdịnihu nke ala akpatre ego n'anya Bibie nke Tatar yoke na Nleta ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ntọala na nguzobe nke a mba ọhụrụ. Muscovite onye na-achị Ivan III bụ nwoke oké ọchịchị ambition obi ike na atumatu. Ọ n'ụzọ kwesịrị iso na-arụ ọrụ nna ya na ọ fọrọ nke nta afọ iri ise nke ọchịchị ya, bụ ike dịrị n'otu na gburugburu Moscow niile gbara ya gburugburu ala. Ọ bụ ya mere na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị a onye na-achị bụ eze mbụ na eze ukwu nke niile Russia ịtụte mba ha, ghọrọ naanị onye na-achị.

Ịdị n'otu nke Russian ala

Atụtụ n'ala n'okpuru patronage nke Moscow ihe gbasara onye isi were orú arọ na iri. Ọ bụchaghị gbara agbata obi na-achị achị ghọtara ikike nke Moscow onye na-achị Ivan. Yaroslavl region n'afọ ofufo kweta elu nke-isi nke Moscow na Tver na Rostov ihe gbasara onye isi nwere zamiryat. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama agha nke oge ndị bụ mmeri nke Novgorod nweere onwe - e meriri Novgorod na osimiri Shelon chọrọ pacification Shrew ihe gbasara onye isi na ya banye Great.

Relations na Mongol

Ntọt ya mmetụta na mpaghara, Ivan III ama n'echeghị na Mongol dị ka otu nọọrọ onwe ha na-achị n'ala-ha. N'ọdịnihu mbụ eze ukwu nke niile Russia agaghịkwa chọrọ ụtụ nọkwasi ụta, dị ka nne na nna ya na nne na nna ochie. N'oge orú arọ na iri nke ọchịchị Ivan III n'ala ya ka emetụta Tartar enweghị ọbara Orthodox Kraịst adịghị bibiri n'obodo dị iche iche ọkụ. A ọgbọ nke ndị na-amaghị Tatar yoke. Han Ahmat kpebiri nọrọ n'okpuru recalcitrant-isi na nwetaghachi ala na Russian nọ nke mmetụta nke Horde. Nlezianya na oké ọchịchọ na-achị Horde malitere ịkwadebe garuo na Moscow. Ma ya na oké ọchịchọ ahụ biri na 1480. Great eguzo na Ugra osimiri gosiri ike nke ndị agha Russia. Khan na-agba ọsọ, ike nke Tatars na Russian ala, nke dịgidere ruo ihe karịrị narị afọ abụọ, bụ n'elu. Ivan III - akpa Tsar of All Russia n'aka mba ha si afọ nke n'agbụ.

War na ya ugwu agbata obi

Inweta na accession Novgorod nso kewapụrụ ókè nke Russian ala ka Livonia na Sweden. Ịnọgide metụtara nkà mmụta na njọ Livonian-Pskov mmekọahụ emewo ka a dị oké njọ agha clashes. Na 1481, mgbe a ọma mgbasa ozi na Russian ala Livonian udo nkwekọrịta iri afọ e banyere. Otú ọ dị, Ivan III nyere iwu na-ewu nke e wusiri ike nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ-nke mba. Dị otú ahụ amuma bụ nke ebe: ná mmalite narị afọ nke 16, mmekọahụ njọ ọzọ. Inwe furu efu ọtụtụ isi agha, Ivan III na 1503 kwetara banye ọzọ udo nkwekọrịta, nke e eze enen, n'akụkụ ókè nke abụọ na-ekwu.

Relations na Grand Duchy nke Lithuania

Iwusi onwe na guzobe nke Moscow ihe gbasara onye isi, na ndọtị nke ya n'ókèala nke emegiderịta ọdịmma nke ndị na-eto eto ala na Ukwu Duchy nke Lithuania. Ụdi agha nwetara Russian karịrị disputed n'ókèala. Udo nkwekorita n'etiti mba abụọ e banyere 1503. Dị ka ya, ike nke Moscow ihe gbasara onye isi la Gomel, Bryansk, Rylsk, Putivl, Chernigov na obodo ndị ọzọ na mbụ site Lithuania. Otú ọ dị, nke a nkwekọrịta e kwubiri maka a mkpirikpi (6 afọ), ma n'elu ya Mmebi, ọ dịghịkwa onye ọ bụ nke ọzọ n'akụkụ emeghị agụgharị ihe nke akwụkwọ.

N'ihi ya, na a obere oge, na-Russian ala e jikọọ gburugburu Moscow. Aha "Emperor of All Russia" n'ihi na oge mbụ were onyenwe n'oge gara iche iche isi.

The nchoputa nke mkpakọrịta

The nkọ na-awụlikwa elu site na ọnọdụ nke nwere onwe ya ma tributaries nnukwu obodo choro a kwekọrọ ekwekọ eku. Site na ijikọta na Russian ala, echiche a na-akpọ nna ha ukwu na-agha ụgha n'elu. Tupu na, na nganiihu "All Russia" e kwesịrị Kievan isi na ụmụ ha. Mgbe fragmentation Kiev rus ifịk aha dabeere isi Vladimirskii (dị ka kpọmkwem ndị na-anọchi Yaroslava Mudrogo). Mgbe n'isonyere Moscow Vladimir ihe gbasara onye isi nganiihu "All Russia" ndammana kwagara Moscow-isi.

Okwu ahụ bụ "Ọkaakaa" nwekwara agbanweela ịrịba mgbanwe. Ná mmalite, onye nwe ala enwetara ọma na ndị ọzọ na ihe onwunwe na-akpọ "Gospodar". Nke a na okwu ugbu a na-achọta na Ukrainian, Belarusian na Moldovan asụsụ. Na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na-ekwu, nke Russia okwu malitere ga-eji mgbe agbamakwụkwọ nke Prince of Moscow Vasily Sophia Palaeologus - kpọmkwem nọchiri nke Byzantine-achị achị. The e dere na mkpụrụ ego nke ndị mmalite nke oge nke ọchịchị Ivan na-atụ aro na ọ bụ dị ka "Onye ọchịchị nke All Russia." Mgbe e mesịrị okwu ghọọ a "Ọkaakaa" na ghọrọ nkịtị. Nke abụọ halves na ike aha nke ọhụrụ ala gọvanọ. Ivan III - mbụ eze ukwu nke niile Russia mara n'okpuru ọhụrụ a aha.

ọhụrụ ala

Doo nke aha ahụ bụ "Tsar of All Russia" Tsar Ivan III nọ 1494. N'oge a na see okwu biri na Grand Duchy nke Lithuania na Muscovy, na Duke nke Lithuania eze ghọtara Prince Ivan hospodar (eze ukwu) nke Russian ala. The aha "Ọkaakaa nke All Russia" mbụ nakweere, ná nsụgharị ụfọdụ, a ikwu nke Ivan III - Dmitry Shemyaka. Ma Ivan III ike n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-akpọ onwe ya onye na-achị Russian ala, n'ihi na n'oge ọchịchị ya ókèala-achịkwa site Moscow ala amụbawo.

The Emperor na King

The mbụ eze ukwu nke niile Russia nwere utu aha ọzọ. N'oge a, ndị mbụ Russian onye na-achị bịara mara bụghị isi na ndị eze. Tupu nke a, ndị eze nwere ike na-akpọ khans nke Golden Horde na drevneiudeyskie isi mara site na Old Slavonic translation nke akụkọ Bible. Okwu "eze" e wepụtara ọbụ edidem, onye nwere ikike ahụhụ na-agbaghara ya na-achị na ya uche. N'ụzọ dị iche na European eze ahụ nọ na ibido atụle onwe onwunwe, eze bụ naanị nwe nke niile n'ala ha. Ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla mberede otu okwu "eze" bụ "autocrat".

onye na-achị aha

The ọrụ nke onwe-ọchịchị kwụụrụ onwe nke mba ọhụrụ a nwere nnọọ njikọ. Aha "Emperor of All Russia" abụghị oge mbụ were a mba ọzọ, ọ bụghị a protege nke Mongol, aha e kwesịrị ekwesị na-abụ nke siri ike na anya-ahụ ụzọ nke ọma iwu, aghọwo n'ógbè ihe gbasara onye isi na ike nke European larịị. Maka ndụ nke otu ọgbọ Russia aghọwo a na-akwanyere ùgwù na ndị dị ike ná mba-guru na, na n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda. N'ihi na oge mbụ na Moscow dị ka isi obodo nke mba ọhụrụ e gara site nnọchiteanya nke ndị agbata obi na-ekwu. N'ihi na oge mbụ Muscovy banyere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị arena na a aha ọhụrụ - Russia. Aha "Emperor of All Russia" n'ihi na oge mbụ nakweere ihe ukara ụda ma na-akụkụ nke ebube nke Russian-achị achị. Nke a bụ ihe ukara arịrịọ ka nnọchiteanya nke na-achị ezinụlọ, mbụ dara na mmekọrita Ivan III na ya na-anọchi, na mgbe ahụ, ọ nọ na-ẹmende site nnọchiteanya nke Romanov usoro ndị eze. Mgbe Pita Russian autocrats họọrọ na-akpọ onwe ya "eze ukwu". Ma aha Tsar of All Russia nọgidere n'azụ ha site na nri nke nketa, so ná ndị ọzọ niile ukara arịọ ka ezinụlọ eze.