Atomic 420 mm ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka": nkọwa

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke arọ-oru ogbunigwe ngwá agha jupụtara ihere, ma curiosities. Na Moscow Kremlin na-anọchi anya anyị akụkọ ihe mere eme mma - na Tsar egbe ala, a ọrụ nkà na nganga nke Russian smelters. Onye ọ bụla maara na, n'agbanyeghị nke zuo okè na nkà nke ogbugbu, na ọ bụ nnukwu ngwaọrụ mgbe chụọ n'ọrụ. E nwere ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke na ngwá agha, anya site oké size ma nwere dubious bara uru. Otu nwere ike ije ozi dị ka onye atọm ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka". N'ụzọ dị iche na Tsar egbe ala, ọ na-eji maka ya bipụta ya, nzube, ma ọ bụ nanị na landfill.

Ogbunigwe na megalomania

Nnukwu ogbunigwe egbe na-ahụkarị ka e "ibu" nke German empaya. Na March 1917, ndị Wehrmacht tụrụ bọmbụ Paris, iji nnukwu-caliber ogologo nso egbe. The bi Ebighị Ebi City anaghị atụ anya ka ndị dị otú ahụ ọgụ, n'ihu akara dị nnọọ. The French, n'aka, wuru ha nnukwu egbe, na na 30 afọ iji wụnye ha na nzere Maginot Line. Germany weghara ha ná mmalite nke World War II na a ogologo oge ahụ (wear) nwalere trophies. Na-arụ ọrụ na mmepe nke ngwaọrụ ike nke na-anapụta arọ mgbọ maka 100 kilomita ma ọ bụ karịa, mere Britain na USSR. Mmetụta nke na ngwa nke a nnukwu anụ bụ na omume agaghị adị nnọọ ịrịba ama. Nnukwu ụgwọ lie ya n'ala na mmetụta na-agbawa n'okpuru ya ọkpụrụkpụ enweghị na-eme ka mmebi. Ọnọdụ gbanwere mgbe ọdịdị ngwá agha nuklia.

Gịnị mere anyị kwesịrị nuclear ogbunigwe na ohere afọ?

Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ na atọm bọmbụ, isi ihe ịma aka na mbụ ogbo nke nnyocha. The ụgwọ mkpa ịfụ, ma ọ bụ otú na-egosi ịdị irè nke ọhụrụ na ngwá agha? Ma, ebe a na Nevada desert mbụ "ero" emewo awaala n'ala, na bịara ajụjụ bilie nke otú ịmịpụta zuru ike nke a yinye nuclear mmeghachi omume na iro isi. The mbụ samples dị nnọọ arọ, na ọ na-ewe a otutu oge iji belata ha ibu na-anabata ụkpụrụ. "Abụba" ma ọ bụ "nwa" nwere ike na-ebu ụlọ ọrụ "Boeing" usoro otu bombu B-29. Na 50 afọ nke Soviet Union nwere a dị ike agha nnyefe pụtara dị Otú ọ dị, a oké njọ drawback. IDB na-ekwe nkwa na mbibi nke zaa ke kasị ike na isi onye-iro, na United States, karịsịa nyere zuru enweghị na oge nke mgbochi-agha akụ. Ma mbuso agha nke ocho okwu ike na-akwadebe na Western Europe, mgbe usoro ballistic agba, e nwere a ịgba na kacha nta na okirikiri. Agha theorists tụgharịa uche ha gaa na ọtụtụ yiri ochie ogbunigwe.

American igba na Soviet omume

The Soviet Union bụghị initiator nke ogbunigwe ogwe agbụrụ, ọ malitere Americans. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1953, na Nevada landfill French dị larịị mbụ T-131 egbe shot e chụọ n'ọrụ, anya zitere ngwá agha nuklia caliber nke 280 mm. projectile ụgbọ elu kere 25 sekọnd. Works na ọrụ ebube a nke nkà na ụzụ ndị nọrịị a afọ ole na ole, ma si otú ahụ, Soviet nzaghachi US igba ike-atụle igabiga. Na November 1955, ndị USSR Council nke Ozi azụlitewo a mkpebi (nzuzo), dị ka nke Kirov Osisi na Kolomna Machine-Building SKB gwara ike abụọ samples of ogbunigwe ngwá agha: egbe (nke natara a nzobe aha "capacitor-2P") na ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka". The backlog nwere imeri.

The okwu nke akwụkwọ pụrụ iche mgbagwoju

Arọ nke nuclear ụgwọ anọgide elu. Tupu imewe otu edu csc bi Shavyrina nwere a siri ike: ike a ngwa agha ike zashvyrnut anụ ahụ arọ nke 750 kg nsannsan ruo 45 kilomita. E na nkenke kwa, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị dị ka tiri ka firing projectiles ọgbụgba ọkụ. The egbe bụ inweta a ụfọdụ pụrụ ịdabere, ebute a ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke gbaa, ọbụna ọnọdụ nke agha nuklia (albeit ejedebeghị), ọ na-emekwa nwere ike gafere otu-ọbula nọmba. Agagharị - a amanyere bụ iwu ọnọdụ, a anyịnya egbe onye iro mgbe agha malitere fọrọ nke nta ka ekwe nkwa ibibi. Chassis elekọta ghọrọ factory ọrụ, Kirov ọrụ site Leningrad. Eziokwu ahụ bụ na ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka" ga-abụ nnukwu, o doro anya ozugbo, ọbụna tupu mmalite nke ya imewe.

Chassis

Kirov Plant nwere a ọgaranya ahụmahụ nke ewu pụrụ iche crawler Chassis, ma na-eme atụmatụ na nwụnye nhọrọ, nke guzobere oge a, karịrị akporo nke niile kwere omume siburu. O sina dị, ndị na-emepụta ya na ọrụ, ke ofụri ofụri, agwọtawo. Ike kacha ike n'oge nke IP-tank 5 (a makwaara dị ka IP-10 na T-10) na-eje ozi dị ka a "na-enye onyinye", na-enye "jụrụ 273" powerplant, obi nke nke e turbocharged dizel B 12-6B ike nke 750 lita. a. Dị otú ahụ na a ibu, ọbụna nke a oké ọrụ engine ahụ amachaghị ọrụ ndụ, na-enye a idobere nke naanị 200 km (okporo ụzọ). O sina dị, ihe ndị na-ike bụ bukwanu, onye ọ bụla ton igwe malitere ihe fọrọ nke nta 12 "ịnyịnya" na-enye gị ohere na-a n'ụzọ zuru okè na-anabata na-enwe ọganihu, albeit nkenke. N'ihi 2B1 "Oka" na "Capacitor-2P" bogies e edo, ọ bụghị nanị n'ihi uru nke Standardization, ma site na eziokwu na ọ dịghị ihe dị ndị ọzọ dị ike ike n'oge ahụ na ọ bụ nanị agaghị ekwe omume. Road wheel onwem na onye torsion doo dampers.

420 mm ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka" na ya ogwe

Ogwe nwere otu nnukwu size. The loading e rụrụ site na breech, na iri mita ogologo dị iche iche ụzọ bụ adịghị anakwere. All ngwaọrụ maka mgbapụta anaghị achọ ike na mbụ na-eji ọbụna maka superheavy egbe na nke a nwere nnọọ nta uru. Atomic 420 mm ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka" enweghị ogwe slicing, ya ọnụego ruru 12 agba kwa hour, nke a caliber egbe bụ a dị ezigbo mma egosi. Isi damper rollback ozi nnọọ n'ahụ nke igwe, sloths na ndị ọzọ na Chassis mmiri.

ngosipụta

Na-eme njem gafee nnukwu igwe bụ naanị otu onye - onye na-akwọ. Ọzọ isii, tinyere onye-isi na ngụkọta oge, soro ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka" ke armored ụgbọala ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ụgbọala. On Nme na nsọpụrụ nke ncheta nke October mgbanwe ke 1957, ụgbọ ala ruru mgbe a na-gafere niile ule. Na N'ezie nke ha kpughere ọtụtụ imewe flaws, nwere maka ihe ndị kasị Ịhazi. Tupu anya correspondents nke ndị mba ọzọ akụkọ na magazin ebube grated onwe-propelled ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka", na ogwaokwu obi ụtọ mara ọkwa n'ihu ọha banyere ọgụ ọrụ cyclopean ogologo anụ. Ọ bụghị ihe niile ndị agha ọkachamara kweere na eziokwu ahụ nọchiri anya ya atụ, ọbụna echiche dara na ọ bụ a sham. Ndị ọzọ na-eme nnyocha kweere na egwu na uwa nke a ngwá na ngwa ngwa ekemende a maara song banyere Soviet agha iyi egwu. Ha abụọ na ha onwe ha nri. 420-mm onwe-propelled ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka" e bụ nnọọ ezigbo, na ọbụna mere a otutu ule gbaa. Ajụjụ ọzọ metụtara ya anwụ ngwa ngwa na-ahụ n'ezie njikere.

N'ihi

55-ton igwe na ike ijikwa ọ bụghị ọ bụla akwa, nanị afọ atọ mgbe ngosipụta na Red Square nke e wepụrụ ọrụ. Mgbalị gụchara anọ prototypes ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka" na-kwụsịrị na 1960 maka isi ihe abụọ kpatara. Akpa, Chassis mmiri na-adịghị edebe monstrous ibu okosobode n'oge anaghị achọ agabiga dum igwe n'ihi ise mita azụ, na ihe nile jikoro ike ha na-enyeghị ya pụta. The ịgba nke nkenke alloy ike dị ka e nwere. Nke abuo, n'oge e nwere kenkwucha agha na-ebu na-a ka mma ịrụ ọrụ na ndị magburu onwe maneuverability. Dị ka ị maara, na roketi ewe anya enweghị nloghachi, mmọdo, choro na ya obubata ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ obi umeala. E nwere ihe ọzọ na-akpata na-enwe mmetụta nke aka nke a pụrụ iche ngwá ọrụ. Atomic 420-mm ngwa agha 2B1 "Oka" efu ego dị nnọọ oké ọnụ, ya na finishing bụ nnọọ na-edochaghị anya na atụmanya. All a mee ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ụgbọala si na udi nke elu-agha dabara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ngosi nka ngosi, na-agbakwụnye na ndepụta nke agha curiosities.