British chịrị

British chịrị - ọtụtụ ebe gburugburu ụwa na e weghaara, iwere n'okpuru a Protectorate ma ọ bụ ọbụna ụzọ ụfọdụ enwetara n'etiti nke 16 na 18 ọtụtụ narị afọ, otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ike alaeze ukwu na n'oge gara aga - na British.

Ebumnuche bụ ka ya territorial development. N'oge a, e nwere ike mpi maka isi mmalite nke ego na nwere ahịa na-emepụta n'etiti Britain na ya continental rivals - Spain, France na Holland. N'oge ọchịchị nke Queen Elizabeth m ahia ụlọ ọrụ na-ike Turkey, Russia, na-East Indies, enyoba n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke North America.

Ọ na-kweere site akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị territorial mgbasa nke mba malite na oge mgbe Elizabeth m nyere ikike ya mmasị, Sir Walter Raleigh ka English chịrị na North America.

Ná mmalite iwu nke alaeze ukwu ahụ dabeere nanị na mercantilist echiche. Na Stewart, James m na Charles m, na Oliver Cromwell si ewu alaeze dabeere na ahia nkata, ọ ghọrọ ihe doro anya. Mma itule nke ahia (mbubata-mbupụ) e chere na-enye a na ụba dị mkpa maka mgbasa na mmezi nke alaeze ukwu.

Na 1707, mgbe ịdị n'otu nke England na Scotland n'ime otu Ọkaakaa ala, ọtụtụ chịrị nke Great Britain (gụnyere ndị bụbu Scottish) ghọrọ ihe ndabere maka ama Alaeze Ukwu.

First esenidụt British niile e hiwere na Ireland. Ịhazi kpọọ nke mba ahụ nọ na rụrụ n'okpuru Oliver Cromwell. Mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma agha na Dutch, ndị French na Spanish na nke iri na asaa na narị afọ, Britain bụ ike na-achịkwa nke kasị nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ụsọ oké osimiri North America, Pool St. Lawrence River na Canada, Bermuda, ókèala ndị West Indies na Africa ịzụta ohu na inweta a foothold na India.

Ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ na-ekwu na niile Wales a ga-atụle nke mbụ English ógbè ebe okwu apụtachaghị esenidụt ókèala.

Ná ngwụsị nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ na British chịrị na America ndị furu efu. Ọ bụ ezie na nchọpụta nke Australia na-eje ozi dị ka a ụdị akwụ ụgwọ, ebe ọ bụ na ala ndị dị anya na-eje ozi tumadi dị ka ebe nke ije biri n'ala maka ikpe ndị mmadụ, ma, ọnwụ a na-enwe mmetụta na-akpọ "Ngabiga na East" - nnweta nke usoro bases tinyere ụzọ azụmahịa dị n'etiti India na Far East. Site na njedebe nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ na British akara nke India akp Afghanistan na Burma.

Dị ka a n'ihi nke Napoleonic Wars - ikpeazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ agha di n'etiti alaeze ukwu - Britain na ọ bụ ọbụna na-ata ike ọnọdụ, ma na-enweghị obi abụọ na-enwe a ike okwa. Ka ihe atụ, Dutch Cape Colony (South Africa) e nwetara. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na isi nchegbu nke Victorian si mba ọzọ amụma bụ ndọtị nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, nke egwu ndị gbasara ya na India, fọrọ nke nta niile omenala asọmpi na oge ahụ na oge funahụrụ ha uru ma ukwuu belata na size, ka alaeze ukwu Britain ọkwá bụ-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha. Ke adianade do, ọ na-na-eduga ulo oru mba Europe, ihe na ọzọ ebe nke ụwa e lekwasị n'okpuru achị ndị ya azụmahịa, ego na naval ike.

Otú ọ dị, ọnọdụ ike na-akpọ ike. Alaeze Ukwu dabeere na echiche nke mercantilism, e ebelatawo ke mbubreyo iri na asatọ - n'oge iri na itoolu na narị afọ a ọtụtụ ihe. Na 1807 na England kagburu ohu ije edu ozioma, choro oké mgbanwe na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke alaeze ukwu ahụ. Ebe ọ bụ na 1833, akụ na ụba-ele ihe anya maka (n'ụzọ dị ukwuu site na mmetụta nke echiche nke Adam Smith), ụfọdụ British chịrị malitere ịga n'ebe onwe-ọchịchị na free ahia, nke bụ na-ebelata mmetụta nke ochie oligarchic na monopolistic trading ụlọ ọrụ. Ma n'oge Victorian oge wee na nnweta nke n'ókèala na n'ihu ahia ohere akwalite usoro echiche na ziri ezi philanthropic ebumnobi. Ya elu ike ike iwu nke Great Britain ruru mgbe Koroleva Viktoriya, akpali Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli, kwusara onwe ya na 1876 site na Eze Nwanyị Ukwu nke India.

Na Alaeze Ukwu, Otú ọ dị, nọgidere na-ịzụlite mba mmegharị, mee elu mee ma ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị, akpọsa ya mbibi. The usoro accelerated mgbe Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ọ bụ ezie na na post-agha oge ahụ, Alaeze Ukwu na oge ụfọdụ mụbara na size mgbe a British Protectorate ndị mbụ German na Turkish ókèala.

A ógbè nke Great Britain, Canada na Australia nwetara ọchịchị ọnọdụ na 1907. Na 1931 e hiwere na Commonwealth of Nations, bụ nke gụnyere Britain na-achị onwe ọchichi nke Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, na-Irish Free State, nke a ghọtara dị ka isi nke eze nke United Kingdom. Ọchichi ifịk ifịk akwado Britain n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ na-now na-eche banyere ma ọ bụ ike merie a jọgburu onwe ya agha na-enweghị ihe nkwado nke colonial agha jikọrọ aka. Ha na-ọ bụla ihe nkiri nke agha. Ma ọnwụ nke British na Far East mere o doo anya na UK agaghịkwa nwere na alaeze ukwu ike, ike ịnọgide na-enwe iji na ndị oge gboo ụwa. Na ebe nke English abịara ndị America.