Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi: obodo ebe, management, isi obodo

Chernigov (ma ọ bụ Chernihiv-Seversky) ihe gbasara onye isi bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa na-ekwu, nke mebiri na mbụ nkịtị nwe nke Rurik. The ihe gbasara onye isi bụ mgbe niile adịkwu ọtụtụ obodo, n'ihi na ọgwụgwụ dara iche n'ime nta fiefdoms. Na XIV narị afọ na Grand Duchy nke Lithuania so subordinated ala Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi.

The eke ọnọdụ na ókèala ndị ihe gbasara onye isi

Isi nke ebe ihe gbasara onye isi dị na efere ahụ nke Desna na Sejm, na-na-ekesa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ụlọ akụ nke Dnieper. C. Don ahịa dọkpụụrụ-esi na-Diet ya ịdaba chịngọm, na site na ya - na Dnepr. Ọ bụ na ahia ndị a osimiri na ha dabere ike Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi. The n'ọrụ bi ndị ahụkarị Central Russia ala n'oge ahụ. A akụkụ buru ibu nke na-emezu ala, igbute na-ere ọkụ nke oké ọhịa.

N'ime ọtụtụ iri afọ, Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi gụnyere dị iche iche ebe. N'ihi na ọtụtụ n'ime ya akụkọ ihe mere eme na West, ọ bụ nanị ala nke Chernigov, n'Iru-anyanwu na ya elu gụnyere ọbụna Moore. The kasị dị ịrịba ama nke obodo-ya mgbe Chernigov kasị nke akụkọ nọgidere Novgorod-Seversky, ke akpatre ọtụtụ iri afọ nke onwe ha ịdị adị nke etiti nke steeti a bụ Bryansk.

Ihe gbasara onye isi na-aghọ onwe ha

N'ihi na oge mbụ Chernihiv ghọrọ center nke a dị iche iche ihe gbasara onye isi mgbe agha nke hardwood na 1024. Nke a bụ nke ikpeazụ na nnukwu agha n'etiti ụmụ St. Vladimir. N'oge agha Mstislav Daring merie Yaroslav Vladimirovich (Amamihe e mesịrị), ma ọ bụghị-anọgide na-alụ ọgụ ma na awa na-ebutere ka keta ala. Mstislav ketara isi obodo nke dị nnọọ owụt Chernigov. Ma Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi ga-esi na ihu nke a sịkwa utu aha Prince Wepu nchoputa nke usoro ndị eze - ya na nwa Eustace nwụrụ n'ihu nna ya na ya onwe ya na ahapụghị nketa. Ya mere, mgbe na 1036 Mstislav akpa ke ịchụ nta, ihe onwunwe ya nọ n'okpuru ikike nke Yaroslav.

Yaroslav Mudry, dị ka ọ mara, tupu ọnwụ ya kewara ya ala n'etiti ụmụ ya. Chernihiv nwetara Svyatoslav. Mgbe ahụ, ọ ghọrọ otu nọọrọ onwe ha ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi. Isi usoro ndị eze a na-akpọ Olegovichy na nnọchite nke nwa-ya Svyatoslav Oleg.

Na-alụ ọgụ ndị nketa Yaroslava Mudrogo nke ihe gbasara onye isi

Yaroslav Mudry nyere atọ na ụmụ ya na-ebi ndụ n'ụwa. Ndị a umu (Izyaslav, Vsevolod na Svyatoslav) na e nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta afọ 20 - ha bụ akụkụ nke Union, nke ugbu a na-akpọ Triumvirate Yaroslavichy.

Ma na 1073, na nkwado nke Vsevolod, Svyatoslav ụgbọala Izyaslav na ghọrọ Grand Duke, n'otu n'okpuru ịchịisi ya na-Kyiv na Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi. Mgbe afọ atọ, Svyatoslav nwụrụ n'ihi ọ gbalịrị unsuccessfully wepụ akpụ. Mgbe ahụ Vsevolod ná mma na Izyaslav si Poland, nyere ya ocheeze nke Kiev na utịp site ya Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi.

ụmụnna iwu nke redistribution nke ala a na-efunahụ umu Svyatoslav nke Chernigov. Ha na-aga na nke a. The bụrụkwa agha na a ogbo bụ agha na Nezhatina Field. N'oge a, Vsevolod meriri, Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi ekpe maka ya (nakwa dị ka Kiev, n'ihi Izyaslav nwụrụ iro ube).

Ọnọdụ nke Oleg Svyatoslavich: esenidụt

Dị ka m kwuru n'elu, na ọgwụgwụ ụdị Chernigov-Seversk isi wee kpomkwem site Oleg Svyatoslavich. Ma otú nna ya ketara bụ nnọọ adịghị mfe.

Mgbe imeri ke Agha nke Nezhatina Nive Olegu na Roman lanahụrụ ihe-nketa-abụọ - Tmutarakan. Ma n'oge na-adịghị na Roman gburu rara ya allies, Cumans, Khazars na Oleg jide na-agafere Constantinople.

Ọ na-amaghị ihe na atụmatụ ndị na Byzantine eze ukwu banyere nwa nwa Yaroslava Mudrogo, ọ bụla ikpe ha gbanwere n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama mgbe nnupụisi nke ama Varangian Nche, nke ahụ bụ natives nke Russian ala.

Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ihe a mere bụ: nnọọ ndị agha ahụ, ịbụ na a drunken ala, wakpoo ndị eze ukwu ime. Speech okpu, ndị sonyere na-ebupụ ma dọọrọ n'agha site n'isi obodo, na Varangian Nche site na mgbe ẹkewetde nke Anglo-Saxon, ndị gbagara si England mgbe mba merie William-emeri. Ọ dịghị ihe ọmụma banyere Oleg abuana ke nnupụisi, ma ọ na-e zitere - n'àgwàetiti Rhodes.

Na ikpe nke Oleg Rhodes nwayọọ nwayọọ malitere ịka mma. Ọ lụrụ a obodo nnọchiteanya nke-akpa ezinụlọ Feofano Muzalon. Na 1083 o doro anya na na-enyemaka nke Byzantine detachment, achụpụ ndị Khazars na-aghọ Tmutarakani bụghị isi, ọ bụghị Byzantine gọvanọ.

Ọnọdụ nke Oleg Svyatoslavich: laghachi Chernihiv

Na 1093 Vsevolod Yaroslavich nwụrụ ma Polovtsy wakporo Russian ala, gụnyere Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi, ala ọnọdụ nnọọ kwere ka ndị na-awagharị awagharị ndị steppes nke Black Sea iji ruo ya. Ọ na-akwado ndị Cumans Oleg Svyatoslavich ọgụ ka nna ya ketara. Against ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị mere ma ama nwa Vsevolod Vladimir Monomah.

N'afọ na-esonụ bụ Svyatoslavich Chernihiv. Ọ ghọrọ mmasị ya na obodo ndị ọzọ nke ihe gbasara onye isi, emekọkwa mkpagharị na Moore, Rostov na Suzdal, ma e meriri site umu Vladimira Monomaha Mstislav na Vyacheslav na Polovtsian (onye ugbu a mere na n'akụkụ nke Vladimir).

Ka ịwụnye ikpeazụ udo n'etiti Russian isi, na 1097 kwadoro ama Congress na Lubicz. Ọ na-kweere na ọ nwetara a ọchịchọ disintegration Saint Vladimir nketa eketa. Ma isiokwu a, ọ dị mkpa na Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi, n'agbanyeghị na mmeri nke Oleg, Prince kwagara ikpeazụ a.

Novgorod Severskij iche ihe gbasara onye isi

Specific fragmentation - oge mgbe nile agha di n'etiti ndi-isi. Fọrọ nke nta niile ha chọrọ ka ya mụbaa ha ojiji, na ọtụtụ - na-ocheeze Kiev. Ifịk n'agha ndị a na Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi. Obodo ebe (idi nso Kiev na-achịkwa akụkụ nke Dnieper) ọ na-akwalite. N'ihi na a otutu nke ihe gbasara onye isi na-emebi ọzọ.

Large ihe gbasara onye isi rekasịrị n'ime nta fiefs. Novgorod-Seversky ghọrọ center nke a dị iche iche ihe gbasara onye isi ọzọ ilebara ndị nzuko nke ndi-isi na Liubech na 1097, ma n'ihi na a ogologo oge ọ bụ gọvanọ nke onye nketa ka ocheeze na Chernigov. Na 1164, mgbe ọnwụ Svyatoslava Olgovicha, nkwekọrịta e kwubiri n'etiti nwa-ya, Oleg, na okenye nke nwanne mama Oleg - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Dị ka ya, mbụ m gara Chernigov, na nke abụọ - Novgorod-Seversky. N'ihi ya, na obodo ndị a malitere ịchị onwe ha usoro ndị eze.

Nke nta nke nta wee na fragmentation na ndị a isi n'ime nta fiefdoms.

Batu si mbuso agha

Rekasịrị n'ime obere fiefdoms ihe gbasara onye isi ike imeri Tatar-Mongol agha edu Batu Khan (na Russian omenala Batu). E nwere ọtụtụ nkọwa maka nke a, otu n'ime ndị isi na - na obodo na-adịghị n'otu na ihu nke a nkịtị iro. Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi - a visual nkwenye.

Ọ ghọrọ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke onye iro bụ isi iku na 1239, ma e meriri site mbụ nke ihe nketa ya ma na aga na 1238-m. Mgbe mbụ igbu, Prince Mihail Chernigovsky adịghị njikere ka ichughachiazu isi ujo. Ọ gbagara Hungary, a afọ ole na ole azụ, gara Horde na nwụrụ n'ihi na ha jụrụ ịrụ-ekpere arụsị ememe (senti dị ka a senti martyr), ma na n'ọgbọ agha megide ndị Tatar-Mongol dịghị mgbe e wepụtara.

Defense Chernihiv gawa na mbụ na-agbalị inwe ka onyeisi oche-eze n'obodo Mstislav Glebovich. Ma na-enweghị nkwado guzogidere Chernihiv ọzọ nke ihe gbasara onye isi na e meriri, Mstislav efehe ọzọ na Hungary.

Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi ghọrọ ama na-agbachitere onye nke ya obere obodo - Kozelsk. The obodo iwu nwa ọhụrụ isi (ọ bụ 12), ma ọ e wuru-apụghị imeri emeri. Kozelsk dị na a ugwu n'etiti abụọ osimiri (Zhizdra na Drugusnoy) na nkpoda obot. Agbachitere kere 7 izu (ogologo ike ịgbachitere naanị ndị dị ike Kiev). Budata, Kozelsk alụ ọgụ ahụ nanị: isi agha nke Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi, na 1238 ka hụbeghị aka mbuso agha, na-enyere ya aka.

N'okpuru Tatar-Mongol yoke

Obere oge mgbe mmeri nke Russian ala, Tatar-Mongol alaeze kụtusịa. Batu Khan ama abuana ifịk ifịk na-alụso ụmụ Genghis Khan na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. N'ihi ya, ọ ghọrọ onye na-achị nke onye nke iberibe ike ya - na Golden Horde (nke rubere isi na Russian ala).

N'okpuru ịchịisi nke Golden Horde ọchịchị agaghị efu ha ike, ma ha nwere ikike iji gosi ya, n'ihi na nke ha gara na Horde nweta na-akpọ shortcut. Awakpo bụ uru jikwaa ala Russian ogwe onwe ha Russian.

Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi management wuru na otu ụkpụrụ. Ma, ya center gbanwere. Ugbu a, oké isi nke Chernigov malitekwara ịchị si Bryansk. Ọ dị nnọọ obere nke Chernigov na Novgorod-Seversky ahụhụ si na mbuso agha.

Olegovichy ndị na-adịghị ike hazie agbachitere ihe gbasara onye isi efu na aha. N'ime oge ọ na-nwetara-isi nke Smolensk.

Na Grand Duchy nke Lithuania

Na 1357 weghaara Bryansk Grand Duke nke Lithuania Algirdas. N'oge na-adịghị ike nke ihe-nketa Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi ghọrọ akụkụ nke Grand Duchy nke Lithuania. Ọ bụ uru na-ekwu okwu ole na ole banyere Algirdas onye mgbalị Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi si ike nke Tatar-Mongol.

Algirdas bụ nwa mbụ nke gara aga Grand Duke nke Lithuania Gedemin, ma 4 afọ mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, ọ na-akwado site na nwanne ya Keistut nwetara ikike kasị ukwuu. Of ya kasị ama umu - Jagiello. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ụmụ nke Algirdas ndị Jagiellonians - usoro ndị eze, nke na-achị na ọtụtụ mba ndị dị n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Central Europe.

Mgbe Algirdas na Kęstutis nweela kasị ike n'ime Grand Duchy nke Lithuania, ha na-akọrọ ike. Keystut aku agbachitere nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ala, ya isi onye iro bụ Agha Ntụte. Algirdas chiri n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ mba ọzọ amụma. Ya isi iro bụ Zolotaya Orda na dabere na ya ala (otu onye nke bụ na oge Muscovy). Algirdas ịga nke ọma. O wee merie ndị Tartars na 1362 na a isi agha na Blue Waters na weghaara na Grand Duchy nke Lithuania ọtụtụ oge ochie onwunwe nke Rurik. Ọ ghọrọ onye nwe nke isi obodo na mbụ Russian usoro ndị eze - Kiev.

Na Grand Duchy nke Lithuania ruo ogologo oge nọgidere obodo kwụụrụ, n'ihi ya atụmatụ nke Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi, n'ihi na e nyochawa ya nọgidere onwe ha, ọ dị nnọọ họpụtara gọvanọ Vilna. Ikpeazụ dị otú ahụ bụ Prince Roman Mikhailovich, onye ga-emesịa na-achị Smolensk, ebe ke 1401 ọ nọ na-gburu site na iwe bi n'obodo. Na XV narị afọ, ihe-nketa nke mbụ Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi tụfuru ya onwe.

Afterword

Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-ekwu, nke mebiri ihe ozugbo n'otu ala nke Rurik, a dị nnọọ ịrịba ama bụ Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi. Njirimara akụkọ ya na-ahụkarị nke ọtụtụ na ikwu na mbụ onwunwe Yaroslava Mudrogo, kama nwere ya na-egbuke egbuke na-akpali peeji nke.

Ọ guzopụrụ iche, rekasịrị n'ime fiefdoms, ike iguzogide na mbuso agha nke Mongol, na ha erube isi, na mgbe e mesịrị Grand Duchy nke Lithuania. Na 1569, ya ala, e zigara ndị Polish alaeze.

Nke òkè, Chernihiv-Seversky ihe gbasara onye isi mere ọtụtụ akpa ọmụmụ nke Grand Duchy nke Lithuania na Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The kasị ama nke ha - isi Novosilsky.