Chivalric akwụkwọ nke Middle Ages: A ndepụta na review

Knight akwụkwọ - a isi akara nke na-arụ ọrụ, nke e mepụtara na Middle Ages. Ọ bụ dike na-eme ka feat warrior feudal. The kasị ama ngwaahịa nke mpaghara ebe a: guzosie ike France Gotfridatom Strasbourg "Song nke Roland" na Germany - "Tristan na Isolde" (amaokwu akwụkwọ) na "The Song nke Nibelungs" na Spain - "Rodrigo" na "The Song nke CID "na ndị ọzọ.

The akwụkwọ bụ amanyere bụ iwu ẹkenemede isiokwu nke "A Knight si Literature" (mezuwo 6). Ụmụ akwụkwọ na-akụkọ nke ya si malite, isi Genres, maara na isi ọrụ. Otú ọ dị, nke bụ isiokwu nke "A Knight akwụkwọ nke Middle Ages" (mezuwo 6) kpugheere abịakọrọ, bibiri, Agbaghara ụfọdụ dị mkpa. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-achọ n'ụzọ zuru ezu karị igosipụta ya na-agụ nwere a mma echiche banyere ya.

Knight na abu

Knight akwụkwọ agụnye ọ bụghị nanị akwụkwọ akụkọ, ma abụ uri, nke bụrụ abụ otuto nke iguzosi ike n'ihe ka a na-nwaanyị nke obi. N'ihi ya, ndị knight na ihe ize ndụ nke ndụ n'onwe ya doro ule dịgasị iche iche. Okpono ịhụnanya song nke na-ede uri-abụ abụ, na-akpọ minnesingers na Germany, troubadours - na Ndida nke France, na trouveres - na n'ebe ugwu nke mba ahụ. The kasị mma-mara dere - Bertran De Ịmụ, Arnaud Daniel, Dzhaufre Rudel. Na English akwụkwọ nke narị afọ nke 13 kasị mkpa ncheta - a ballad raara nye Robin Hood.

Chivalric akwụkwọ Italy na-anọchi anya tumadi lyric uri. Ọ tọrọ ntọala ọhụrụ style na otuto na ịhụnanya nke a nwaanyị, Guido Guinizelli, Bolognese na-ede uri. The kasị ibu nke ndị nnọchianya ya - Guido Cavalcanti na Brunetto Latini, na Florentines.

The oyiyi nke a Knight na a mara mma nwaanyị

Okwu "naiti" pụtara na German "onye na-agba". Ịnọgide warrior, ọ bụ na n'otu oge ahụ nwere magburu onwe omume, na-efe nwanyị nke obi, na-cultured. Ọ bụ na òtù nzuzo nke ikpeazụ na e courtly uri. Representatives bụrụ abụ ya amara na ịma mma, na oké ladies na-emeso na obiọma a ụdị art, nke toro ha. Ọ bụ magburu chivalric akwụkwọ. Pictures kwuru n'isiokwu a, gosi na nke a.

Courtly ịhụnanya, N'ezie, ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, aka ike, ebe ọ bụ kpam kpam subordinated n'ụlọikpe oru. -Abụ, na otuto nile nke nwaanyị, dị ka a na-achị, bụ nwunye nke suzerain. Na knight-na ịhụnanya na ya, nọgidere na a nkwanye ùgwù courtiers. Ya mere frivolous songs na ito eto na nke nne ego, gbara ya gburugburu ma na-feudal yad mgbukepụ exclusivity.

courtly uri

Courtly ịhụnanya bụ na nzuzo, n'ihi ya, agaghị anwa anwa na-akpọ aha ya nwaanyị. Ọ na-eyi dị ka mmetụta nke ife ofufe.

Kere na oge nke uri odide a otutu, na chepụtara nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-efu. Ma n'etiti ọtụtụ colorless ya mere e nwere a catchy, na-egbuke egbuke ọgụgụ. The kasị ama troubadours ndị Giraut de Borneyl, Bernart de Ventadorn, Marcabru, Dzhaufre Rudel, Peirol.

Types of courtly uri

E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke courtly uri na Provence, ma ọtụtụ nkịtị bụ: Alba, Canson, pastorela, ballad uju tensona, sirventes.

Canson (na translation - "song") na-depụtara na akụkọ na-etolite a ịhụnanya isiokwu.

Alba (nke pụtara "kpakpando ụtụtụ") e raara nye gbawara n'etiti, n'ụwa ịhụnanya. Ọ sịrị na ndị hụrụ gbasaa mgbe a nzuzo nzukọ na chi ọbụbọ nke ya obibia agwa ha orù ma ọ bụ guzo nche ọ bụla.

Pastorela - a song nke na-agwa nke nzukọ nke cowherd na Knight.

The na-ede uri chọsiri ike ákwá, nēru újú òkè ha, ma ọ bụ na-eru újú ọnwụ nke onye ya nso.

Tensona - a ụdị edemede utọk, nke a na-gara site na abụọ ma ọ bụ na-ede uri, ma ọ bụ a mara mma nwaanyị na a na-ede uri, a na-ede uri na Ịhụnanya.

Sirventes - a song ebe emetụta elekọta mmadụ nsogbu, ihe kacha mkpa nke bụ: Ònye kwesịrị n'anya ọzọ - aha ọjọọ Baron ma ọ bụ suave commoner?

Nke a, na nkenke knightly courtly akwụkwọ.

Troubadours, nke anyị ekwuola, bụ ndị mbụ courtly na-ede uri nke Europe. Mgbe ha bụ ndị German "abụ abụ, n'anya" - minnesingers. Ma anụ mmewere na ha uri keere a nta ọrụ karịa na Romance ike kama ịkatọ omume ụda.

Genre nke romance

Na narị afọ nke 12 ka ndị ji ntoputa nke courtly akwụkwọ nke romance - a ọhụrụ genre. Mepụta ọ na-agụnye ndị ọzọ karịa nke okike nghọta nke ụwa na n'ike mmụọ nsọ, na ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma. Knight na obodo mepere emepe akwụkwọ nwere njikọ chiri anya. Ndị dere akwụkwọ nke ya ndị mmadụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-yikarịrị na-agbalị ịghọta ihe ha creativity ideals nke ịha nhata nke niile n'ihu Chineke, na omume na omenala nke oge na adị n'ezie. Dị ka a mkpesa megide ikpeazụ kwadoro ideals nke n'ikike. Nke a ụkpụrụ omume, nke na-egosiputa courtly akwụkwọ ndị Middle Ages, bụ a utopian, ma na ọ na-egosi na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ.

French romance

The heyday nke ya akara Breton okirikiri. The kasị ama nke akwụkwọ akụkọ a na n'isiokwu na-agụnye: "Brutus," "Erec na Enid," "Klizhes", "Tristan na Isolde", "Iveyn", "Beautiful amabughị", "Parsifal", "Romance nke Grail", "Ajọ mbarauka "," Perlesvaus, "" Ọnwụ nke Arthur "na ndị ọzọ.

Na France, naiti nke ochie akwụkwọ ọma na-anọchi anya. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ n'ụlọ ka nke mbụ nke chivalry. Ha bụ ndị a na ụdị anọ na nke mbubreyo retelling nke Ovid, Virgil, Homer, na The Epic Celtic akụkọ akụkọ banyere amaghị mba nke Agha Ntụte na kurtuaznyh songs.

Chretien de Troyes bụ otu n'ime founders nke genre. Ya kasị ama e kere eke bụ "Iveyn, ma ọ bụ Knight nke ọdụm." The ụwa na kere de Troyes, bụ nnọọ ezigbo onye chivalry, n'ihi na odide na-ebi na ya, nwewa feats, na njem. Na nke a akwụkwọ, Chretien egosiwo na feat na ya onwe ya bụ efu, na nke ọ bụla njem ga-lekwasịrị anya, jupụtara pụtara: ọ pụrụ ịbụ na-echebe ụfọdụ kwutọọ ndị ladies, na-a girl si ọkụ, nnapụta ikwu nke enyi ya. Ịnapụ onwe onye na-emesapụ aka Iveyn mesiri ike ịbụ enyi ya na eze nke anụ ọhịa - a ọdụm.

In "The Story nke Grail" by a na-ede na-eji ihe ọkaibe usoro na-ekpughe a àgwà. The feat nke "ike" dike idikwe austerity. Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị a Christian penance maka nzọpụta nke mkpụrụ obi ha, dị ka esịtidem ebumnobi miri ịchọ ọdịmma onwe, na a oké mgbazi na njide onwe onye. Percival, dike nke epupụta bụghị n'ihi okpukpe omimi akwadoghị akwado nke enyi ya nwanyị, na dị ka a n'ihi nke a dum nso nke mmetụta, nke agwara mwute nke hapụrụ nne na a ọchịchọ iji nyere eze aka ọkụ na-akụta, nwanne nna nke dike.

Romance na Germany

Na ọzọ maara nke ọma ochie romance "Tristan na Isolde", a kpamkpam dị iche iche ụda. Ndabere nke ọ tọrọ Irish akụkọ na-akọwa enweghị obi ụtọ na ịhụnanya mara mma na-eto eto n'obi. Ọ dịghị onye nke akwụkwọ chivalrous njem, na-abịa pụta ìhè ndị agha dị n'etiti omenala norms na ebumnobi ndị hụrụ. Rihanna Queen Isolde na Tristan ụmụ nwoke n'ịgba ha na-emekpa ndị di na nwunye ji ụgwọ na-enwereghị onwe. Aghọọ a mwute tinge akwụkwọ: odide ndị metụtara akara aka, aka.

Na Germany, na romance a n'ihu tumadi na ndokwa nke ọrụ site French: Heinrich von Veldeke ( "Aeneid"), Gottfried von Strassburg, Hartmann von Aue ( "Iveyn" na "Erek"), Wolfram von Eschenbach ( "Partsial"). Ha si dị iche na nke ikpeazụ anyịnwa ịhụkwu okpukpe na omume okwu.

Romance na Spain

Na Spain, na romance ruo mgbe narị afọ nke 16 na-enweghị ike. Mara na narị afọ nke 14, naanị otu na-akpọ "Knight Siphar". Na ọzọ, narị afọ nke 15, e nwere "Kurian na Guelph" na "ọchịchị aka ike White" dere Zhoanotom Joanot Martorell. Na narị afọ nke 16 Montalvo kere "Amadis de Gaula", hụ amaghị onye dere akwụkwọ, na "De Oliviya Palmerin" na ndị ọzọ, ngụkọta karịa 50.

Romance na Italy

Chivalric akwụkwọ nke Middle Ages na mba e ji mara ukwuu n'ime biiri plots. Original onyinye nke Italy bụ uri "The entry n'ime Spain," dere amaghị onye dere ede akwụkwọ na narị afọ nke 14, nakwa dị ka "kpọọ nke Pamplona" na ya sequel, kere site Niccolò si Verona. Italian epics mepụtara na ọrụ site Andrea da Barberino.