Dovmont (Pskov isi): Biography, ịkpa

Dovmont Prince (Timothy) - Pskov gọvanọ 1266-1299 gg. Na akụkọ, ọ banyere dị ka a nkà agha onye ndú. Dovmont feats kọwara na oge ochie mere. Karịsịa ọma ndị agha na ndị Germany na Lithuanians. N'okpuru ịchịisi ya, Pskov na narị afọ nke 13 na-tufuo na nduzi site Novgorod.

biography

Dovmont (Prince of Pskov) bụ nwa na nwa-nne Mindaugas Voishelk, dị ka ụfọdụ ndị si, na ndị ọzọ - a ikwu Troydenya. o si Lithuania na nwere ọtụtụ Nalshanskaya. Dị ka otu version, Dovmont lụrụ nwanne nwunye Mindaugas. Na Bychowiec Chronicle na-ekwu na ọ lụrụ nwanne nwunye ya Narimonta. Dị ka ihe emere n'ubọchi, akaebe, Dovmont were a kpọmkwem akụkụ ke igbu ọchụ nke Mindaugas na 1263-m. E mesịa, ọ dabara ghara inweta ihu ọma na Voishelk. The ikpeazụ na 1264, ọ ghọrọ were dị ka ihe kasị ike isi nke nọ na Lithuania.

The anya na Russian ala

Na 1265-m Dovmont ekpe Lithuania gaa Pskov. N'oge ahụ, ndị obodo nwere a pụtara oge siri ike. Alexander Nevsky nwụrụ na nso nso. The ọhụrụ onye na-achị, Prince Yaroslav, enweghị ike ma ọ bụ talent na ndị ya nwoke nke okenye. Ike ya na-erubeghị guzosie ike - Novgorod vechniki achọghị mara nna ya ukwu. Grand Duke etinye Svyatoslav gọvanọ, nwa-ya. The ọzọ m chere banyere ike ókè-ala-na na igba nke ike nke onye na-achị obodo. Ya mere, o biri na Prince Yaroslav.

Otú ọ dị, obodo dị mkpa a egwu nke nwere ike chebe ndị mmadụ si Order, Lithuania, na ọ bụghị iwu na ka a oké onye na-achị. Ndị mmadụ na-ahọrọ da Dovmont. Ọ dịghị ihe jikọrọ ya na Lithuania, na ebe a na ọ bụghị a-amabughị. Ọtụtụ Lithuanian isi emee si Slav na ha asụsụ bụ Russian.

The anya na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị Dovmont nwere ezu shorthand. Akwụkwọ Nsọ na-ekwu na Voishelk weghaara Lithuania, na nwanne ya nwoke gbara na a otu. Na chọọchị e mere ya baptizim na natara aha Timothy. Dovmont ghọrọ eze ọhụrụ nke obodo. Ruo mgbe ọnwụ ya, ọ nyere iji chebe ndị mmadụ na ala. Ọ ghọrọ ama mma-agha Dovmont. Mgbe e mesịrị, a gọziri ha nke ịkpa niile dike. 200 afọ mgbe e mesịrị na ọ solemnly enyefe nwa Basil II Ọchịchịrị - Yuri.

The kpọọ nke Polotsk

Dovmont (Prince of Pskov) duru squad, na "iri itoolu atọ" mara di. Na ha bụ David Yakunovich, Lithuanians - Luke Litvin. Men ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ malite hụrụ site n'oké ọhịa, ndinyanade mbịne si p. Great ka Dvina. N'ihi na mberede kpọọ nke a buru ibu ma na ike na Polotsk Dovmont ga enweghị ike. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ike weghara Gerdeni nwunye na ụmụaka. Akada ọgaranya booty na-aga, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm si Polotsk. All convoys jisiri ike smogul gafee Dvina, mgbe Gerdenya kpọkọta allies. Gafee osimiri Dovmont kwụsịrị ma-ahapụ anụ na mkpọrọ Pskov na akụkụ nke ya dike. N'oge na-adịghị pụtara Lithuanians. Guardian mere Dovmont oge. Ọ anakọtara ndi agha na mberede see Lithuanians. Iro na-adịghị ọbụna nwere oge na-iji. Ya mere obere ọbara (naanị otu e gburu Derpt) Dovmont ekwu ya mbụ mmeri.

ọhụrụ mgbasa ozi

Na 1267-m Russian ọchịagha kwagara Lithuania. ókè-ala ebe nke ala e bibiri. Lithuanians bụghị nanị na-emezughị na-echebe n'ala ha, ma na-adịghị na-abịa na-achụ. Dị ka The Chronicle ndekọ, Novgorod na Pskov ọtụtụ agha ke afọ, biarue mmanụ na lossless. On porubezhe nwere ndị dị otú ahụ n'ejighị ọbara na-aga nke ọma na mkpọsa. Lithuanians ruo ogologo oge kwụsịrị ha raids.

"Udo" na Germany

Scaring Lithuania Dovmont (Prince of Pskov) kpebiri isonyere oké usu-ndi ibuso Agha Ntụte. agha ime ka ígwè nzọụkwụ Danish knight, ndị gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ onwe-ha na ala gbara osimiri okirikiri obodo Rakovore na Kolyvan. Ha ike gbochie ahia Novgorod.

Na oyi 1268 mbụ Russian ọchịagha na ụsụụ ndị agha ha zukọtara n'èzí mgbidi obodo. Nakọtara na agha. E nyere ha iwu site Mikhail Fedorovich (burgomaster) na Kondrat (tysyatsky). Dị ka ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị, ndị agha agukọta banyere 30 puku ndị mmadụ. The Germany zigara ndị nnọchiteanya na-eme udo. Dị ka nkwekọrịta, ha kwere nkwa na-na-enyere rakovortsam na kolyvantsam - eze ndị mmadụ. Ọ novgorodtsev ndokwa maka ya, n'ihi na isi nzube bụ Danish knight. N'ihi na ndị agha Russia, ọ dị mkpa ka ịkwụsị Germany. Na January, ọnụ ọgụgụ 23 (1268), ndị dike kpaliri Rakovor. Iji Narva jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na - izu atọ. Voivod-enye ndị mmadụ a fọdụrụ, ka ha nọ n'ala-ha. Enweghị na-alụ ọgụ agha gafere ókè. Knights onwe-ha n'ọhia agaghị anwa anwa gaa, ma zoo n'azụ mgbidi ụlọ elu.

The agha na-German Ratiu

February 17 agha kwụsịtụrụ osimiri. Kegoli. Morning, na mberede nso German agha. Ọ agbakọta na a Ajọ Onye "ezi." Aka udo e si otú ahụ na-emebi ndị Germany na ha onwe ha. Russian agha wee na-emebu iji - "n'egedege ihu." Ke n'etiti guzo a agha, na ka nri na-ekpe n'akụkụ - ịnyịnya nche. N'otu iji akara n'ihu ndị agha na Neva Ice. Otú ọ dị, nke a na-ewu ahụ maara ndị Germany.

Dmitry Pereyaslavsky, onye bụ onye ndú nke ndị agha Russia, na-etinye ekpe ole na ole Tver squad, na ndị fọdụrụ ndi agha regiments edu nri nku ịfụ n'akụkụ a bụ na-atụghị anya ma dị ike. Lee, m guzo onwe ya. Nri nku bụ Dovmont (Pskov Prince).

Mmalite nke agha dị ka Agha nke Ice. The Germany efehe n'ime Russian "n'egedege ihu." Novgorod agha n'okpuru oké nrụgide sitere n'aka onye-iro. Gburu ọnụ elu, ma ndị Germany na-jikwaa inwere site na "n'egedege ihu." N'ihi ya, n'ohu chivalry a chụsasịrị, na onye ọ bụla nọ na-alụ naanị. Hiking Novgorod dọwara ha saddles. Mgbe ahụ ekpe ndị agha banyere Tver Mikhail squad. N'ihi na ndị Germany, Otú ọ dị, nke a abụghị a na mberede. Kwupụta na azụ na-elu-squads ekpe Michael. Mgbe ahụ dị n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke agha sonyeere agha: Pskov, Vladimirec, Pereyaslavets. Nke a igbu bụ ya mere na mberede na-ufiop na knights na a egwu malitere laa azụ. Site a n'ikpochapụ ha jisiri ike gbapụ, dị ka obibia ọzọ German agha. Russian agha kwụsị chụrụ ka reconstructed. Otú ọ dị, ndị Germany na agaghị anwa anwa zọọ ije. Egbughị kpuchie ozu na ọbara ọbara, ya mere ha egwu na ha na-enye na nsọtụ ọzọ nke ubi ma guzo n'ebe ahụ ruo mgbe n'uhuruchi. N'abalị, ndị Knights ekpe. Pereyaslavl zitere patrols ahụghị ha ma 2 ma ọ bụ 4 ma ọ bụ ọbụna 6 awa nke njem.

infighting

Dovmont ekereghị òkè na-alụ ọgụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị na-achị achị na-agbalị ka ọ raba ya ka ha n'akụkụ. Na Russia, ọ bụ oge siri ike. Ha wee malite ibuso ndị na-achị ọchịchị nke Vladimir, na ala ahu nile. A akwa onye ndú ghọrọ agadi nwa Aleksandra Nevskogo , Dmitry. Otú ọ dị, ọ gara na nke etiti nwanne - Andrew. Ọ zụtara Khan Tudamengu shortcut ibu eze na Vladimir.

Russ wee ịnyịnya na Tatar agha Alchedaya Kavgadyya ka Andrew ocheeze. Ihe emere n'ubọchi gwara otú ndị agha nọ na-agbasasịkwa na ala na search of Russian Dmitry. Ma jidere ya na ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi na ha na ndika boyars na ezinụlọ ya, ọ gbabara Koporje, ebe ọ nọ na-ya coffers. Ebe a Dmitry chọrọ nọdụ si mbuso agha na-azọpụta ike. Ọ gụrụ na nkwado nke ndị Novgorod, nke buso ndị Knights. Otú ọ dị, ndị raara ya nye na intercepted n'ụzọ na-aga. Achọ nyefe Koporje gọvanọ, ha were n'agha, ndị inyom Dmitry na ya nso boyars ha na ụmụ ha na ndị nwunye.

Ikere Pskov isi internecine agha

The ebe e wusiri ike na- emi odude Novgorod agha ndị mmadụ Dmitry ejide na Ladoga. Ọ tụgharịrị niile hapụrụ na okụre. Na n'ebe a na nkewa mbụ na naanị oge abuana Dovmont. N'otu oge ahụ o guzoro n'akụkụ nke na-adịghị ike. N'ihi ihe ụfọdụ, nke a ka e mere, o doro anya na ọ bụghị ruo ọgwụgwụ. Nwere ike na-egwuri ọrụ nke a mbụ ọgụ ụmụnna, nwere ike ịbụ ụmụnne (Dovmont gua Dmitry-iwu), na ikekwe ndị Pskov Prince hụrụ dọọrọ n'agha naanị warrior nke pụrụ ichebe ala nke ọtụtụ ndị iro. Na nke ọ bụla, ọ ngwa ngwa wee Ladoga, tọhapụrụ nke mmadụ niile.

Mgbe a oge, m nọdụrụ ala ọzọ, Dmitry na Vladimir. Na afọ anọ gasịrị maka oge mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia, o meriri ndị agha Horde. Ọ na-kweere na mbụ "kwesịrị ekwesị agha" na Mongol wee ebe naanị na 1378-m p. Vozha. Ma na ọ mere ọtụtụ mbụ. Na 1285 o mere ka a ndekọ na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị na Prince Andrei Gorodetsky duru Horde isi-ya nwoke nke okenye ala Rọshịa bụ Dmitri. Otú ọ dị, nke ikpeazụ chikọta agha na-amanye ndị Mongol si Russian ala.

N'afọ gara aga, nke ndụ Dovmont

Na 1299-m, n'abalị, ndị German knight nwayọọ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ malite n'obodo. Ha perepozli site stockade gaa na-ehi ụra n'okporo ámá. Nche gburu mkpa mma. Nke mbụ na-achọpụta na Germany Kromskom nkịta. Ozugbo ahụ dapụrụ opì-ike, kụrụ mgbịrịgba. Pskovites ọsọ, burugodị mgbidi nke obodo. Na ulo-elu yiri onye na-achị na ndị gọvanọ. Ọ na-ele na-anwụ na tenements nke ndị ya. agbachitere obodo n'oge ahụ e rụrụ dị ka iwu ụfọdụ. Ọ bụrụ na ndị iro ndị na mgbidi, ibo ike-emeghere.

The isi obodo e weere, ma ọ bụghị osisi, n'ihi ya, ọ ka mma na-achụrụ ikpeazụ karịa inye mbụ. Otú ọ dị Dovmont wee megide iwu. Ama eberede, na ewerewo kwụsịrị agha. Na ọchịchịrị na ọ bụ siri ike ime ka onye bụ ebe. Pskov mụtara ya uwe ime na a uwe ọcha site mkpu ndị inyom na ụmụaka. Ọbịa oké ọkụ na-egbukepụ egbukepụ na ha okpu agha, agha gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'obi. N'okporo ámá kụrụ aka ndị Germany, na-efu ndị gbara ọsọ, kụziri pụọ nwayọọ nwayọọ, na-eche mgbe ha ga-dobe n'ime ụzọ ámá. N'ihi ya, ọtụtụ ndị na-anapụta ndị, ma gbuo ọtụtụ mmadụ. N'ụtụtụ Dovmont m hụrụ otú nwayọọ nwayọọ obodo gbara ndị iro. Ha echeghị na onye na-achị ga-anwa anwa gaa agha na ha. Otú ọ dị, o mere otú Dovmont. First si n'ọnu-uzọ gbara bipu, ndi agha wee mgbe ya. Site n'ọnụ ship awara Pskovy agha. Ike iguzogide ndị German knight, ọsọ ube na mma-agha, wupu n'ime mmiri, efehe aka mịrị amị, si, rigoro n'ugwu ntà nile. Pskovites eme ememe ọzọ mmeri, n'amaghị na ọ ga-abụ onye ikpeazụ maka Dovmont.

ọnwụ

Gbara gburugburu ịhụnanya na ekele nke obodo, Dovmont nwayọọ nwayọọ na-adakpọ. O yiri ka ihe niile ndị agha o nyere ke akpatre agha. Na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị, Otú ọ dị, kwuru, sị na ikekwe ọ nọ na-akparawo site ọrịa - ọtụtụ ndị nwụọ n'afọ ahụ. Ka 20 Dovmont e debere ozu na Trinity Church. Ikebịghike enye ama aha ya bụ a senti maka bu dìnkpà. Mma-agha, na nke na ọ dịghị mgbe lawara Dovmont ndụ, tọrọ n'elu akpati ozu.