Ebe na-eto eto orchids? Orchids n'ime ohia

Blooming orchid nwere ike icho mma ọ bụla n'ụlọ. Ọ na-agbakwụnye na agba na n'ime ime, na-emepụta a mmetụta nke freshness na nkasi obi. Ma onye ọ bụla maara na orchid bụghị mgbe nile a kụrụ n'ite ifuru, na ọdịdị na e nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke mara mma. Ebe orchids-eto eto na ọhịa? Nke mba ga-aga na-enwe eke mma nke osisi? Ajụjụ ndị a dị oké ọnụ ahịa na-achọ zuru ezu na-aza.

Olee ụdị osisi

Anyị mmasị orchids bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ osisi. Enen ịdị adị ha laa azụ na mbubreyo Cretaceous oge. Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nhazi ọkwa nke orchid ezinụlọ bụ ngalaba nke okooko osisi, monocots klas, iji asparagales osisi. Latin aha - Orchidáceae.

Na ngụkọta e nwere ihe karịrị 35 puku. Iche iche nke orchids. N'eziokwu, ndị a osisi mejupụtara a asaa akụkụ nke nile na agba nke ụwa. Ma ha bụ ndị dị ịrịba ama dị iche iche ma na ụdị na na agba, na size. Ya mere, onye ka ọ bụ, mma, orchid? Ebe ọ na-etolite (mba, kọntinent)? Olee ọnọdụ na-chọrọ? Olee mgbe ndị mmadụ mara banyere ya?

The mbụ aha

Na Verona, na ogwugwu onu Monte Bolsa, ndị kasị ochie iberibe orchids a hụrụ. A ifuru aha chepụtara site onye Gris bụ ọkà Theophrastus, onye bi na 6-5 ọtụtụ narị afọ BC. Mara mma osisi ọkà ihe ọmụma so na a Ịhazi inem na-emepụta ọgwụ botani, a na-akpọ De Historia Plantarum. Ancient ọkà mmụta sayensị egosiwo na 2 tubercle ke ukot nke mgbọrọgwụ yiri mmadụ testicles, ya mere, ọ na-akpọ osisi "orchids" (Grik pụtara "akwa,"). Na agụmakwụkwọ okirikiri, aha a ka na-eji taa, osisi a na-akpọ Orchidaceae, ma ọ bụ Yatryshnikovye.

Dioskrid ọkà mmụta sayensị onye oge nke ndụ mere na narị afọ mbụ AD, kwuru orchids na odide ya. Ọ na-azọrọ na osisi mara ndị Aztec (Mexico), na ha na-eji otu n'ime ha, karịsịa vanilla, kee a ísì onunu.

Na ebe a bụ nke mbụ inem na cultivation nke orchids e dere na China na nke iri na otu narị afọ. E nwere ọtụtụ nke ihe ọmụma banyere ebe na-eto eto orchids, na-emesi ike bụ na otú icho mma n'ụlọ gị bloomer na iji chebe onwe ha site na mmụọ ọjọọ.

nkụzị

Ebe ọ bụ na ndị ezinụlọ nke osisi bụ nnukwu, ọ bụ n'ihu subdivided n'ime iche iche:

• a ìgwè nke epiphytic orchids, nke bi na osisi;
• ìgwè nke saprophytic osisi nke ndụ na nzuzo;
• a ìgwè nke terrestrial orchids.

Na ugbu a, ebe ọ maara na orchids nwere ike na-eto eto na ọdịdị dị iche iche na ọnọdụ, ọ bụ omume na-ekwu okwu banyere ha na-ekesa.

Nkesa nke orchids

Orchid osisi niile kọntinent. Ọ dịghị chioma naanị Antarctica, ma e nwere bụ n'ozuzu tugovato osisi. Ọtụtụ nnọchiteanya pụrụ ịchọta ebe okpomọkụ latitudes. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ihe ndị kasị mma gburugburu ebe obibi maka uto. Na ogbe, ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke epiphytic orchid umu.

Na ọnọdụ latitudes nke kasị nkịtị terrestrial herbaceous perennials. Ha nwere ike ịbụ rhizomatous na tuberous. Ma orchids bụ ihe na-erughị na ogbe. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle Ugwu Ụwa, na ọnọdụ latitudes, ebe e nwere ndị terrestrial orchids otu, pụrụ ịchọta karịa 75 genera. Nke a bụ ihe 10%. Na n'etiti latitudes nke Southern Hemisphere ọ na-anọchi anya a ngụkọta nke 40 ịmụ nwa.

The bụbu Soviet Union pụrụ ịchọta ruo 49 genera orchids.

Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eduzi a nhazi nkewa nke orchids na ihu igwe Province:

1. The mbụ na-agụnye Central America, South America, Africa na ndị ọzọ na ebe nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, emi odude ke otu yiri. Ọ na-ekpo ọkụ ma na iru mmiri, dị nnọọ ihe n'anya epiphytic orchids. Ke akpa mpaghara e nwere ndị nnọchiteanya nke niile dị iche iche.
2. Nke abụọ mpaghara agụnye ugwu, ya bụ, Andes, ugwu nke Brazil, New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia. The okpomọkụ ebe a bụ ka ọ dị ala, ma iru mmiri dị elu. Na nke abụọ na mpaghara nwere ike idi, fọrọ nke nta niile na-anọchite anya nke orchids.
3. The atọ mpaghara mejupụtara a dị larịị na steppe. N'ihi na orchids na oghom ọnọdụ, ma ha nọ na ọnọdụ ndị tara akpụ. E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke umu epiphytic na terrestrial.
4. Nke anọ okpomọkụ na mpaghara nwere a ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Orchid obere. Naanị terrestrial umu.

epiphytic orchids

Epiphytic orchids adịghị mkpa na-eto eto na ọkọnọ ala. Osisi na nkume, ebe orchids na-eto eto, na-enye ha na nkwado. The mgbọrọgwụ bụ na ikuku, nke ha na-nwetara na mmiri oriri na-edozi. Ma, ọtụtụ chere na orchids bụ parasitic na osisi. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị epiphytic umu bụ ndim, yiri tubers. Nke a ụgha bulbs (pseudobulbs), nke imubanye nri na mmiri.

Subspecies epiphytic orchid osisi na-eto eto na nkume, na-akpọ lithophytes. The nkume na-emekarị na-eto eto ndị umu na na gburugburu ọhịa ezughị ìhè. Kwesịrị ịdị, litofitnye orchids na ọdịdị nwekwara keikuku mgbọrọgwụ.

saprophytic orchids

Ọ bụ kama nnukwu ìgwè nke osisi esịnede dị mfe ụzọ mgbapụ na-enweghị epupụta, ma na akpịrịkpa. Akwụsị agbanahụ a ahịhịa na agba (na houseplants abụkarị otu ifuru).

Saprophytic ala osisi nwere dịghị chlorophyll. Organic bekee thereto ada nke humus mkpụrụ. Underground rhizome emekarị yiri coral. Ya mma - enweghi ike emepụta ọhụrụ mgbọrọgwụ. Rhizomes ifịk ifịk banye mmiri gafee n'elu, nke etisasịwo nri. Organic bekee maka ibu na ike nke saprophytic orchid arụpụta mycotic ero.

terrestrial orchids

The ìgwè jikọtara terrestrial orchids osisi, nke nwere a nkịtị green epupụta, ala bulbs ma ọ bụ mgbọrọgwụ na mgbọrọgwụ buds. Ndị dị otú ahụ na umu na-ekesa na United States na Europe. Ebe a, ha dị elu bụ banyere 50 cm. Ma na ogbe, ebe e nwere anụ ọhịa orchids, terrestrial umu nwere ike ịdị elu karị. Ọtụtụ mgbe, na ha dị ka a blooming agbasa shrub.

Orchids terrestrial umu nwere a nkịtị ala mgbọrọgwụ usoro ma ọ bụ mgbọrọgwụ buds. Mgbe oyi na-eto eto buds eto ọhụrụ Ome.

Maara amabughị - phalaenopsis

Ndị a osisi na-ukwuu mgbe ere ifuru ụlọ ahịa gburugburu ụwa. Anyị Gardeners bụ nnọọ ewu ewu orchid Phalaenopsis. Ebe na-eto eto a umu ke ọhịa, amaghị ihe niile. Ma on home elekọta mma ọmụma galore. Ka anyị jupụta na gaps na ihe ọmụma na-emeso na anụ Phalenopsis.

The umu-ekesa site Southeast Asia na China. Abịakwasị na Himalayas, Indochina, ndị Malay Archipelago, na Philippines. Ọ na-ekpuchi ókèala Taiwan, New Guinea na Australia. Sumatra na Andaman Islands hụrụ wading phalaenopsis. Umu anumanu na osisi prefers mmiri udu ọhịa, nakwa dị ka ugwu na rainforests. Phalaenopsis bụ epiphytic otu.

Dendrobium nobile - Noble orchid

Gịnị bụ ezi orchid Dendrobium Nobile? Ebe e nwere ndị na ọdịdị nke okooko osisi ndị a? Ọtụtụ mgbe ha nwere ike dị na Himalaya, ndịda China, na North India, Vietnam na Indonesia. Na ebe nke nkesa na-agụnye akụkụ ebe ndịda nke Eurasia. The osisi na-epiphytic na litofitnoy otu, ma ụfọdụ iche na-terrestrial. Ọdịdị Dendrobiums nnọọ mma. Ome na-eto eto si pseudobulbs, na onye ọ bụla nwere ike inye 10-20 okooko osisi. The osisi nwere obi ụtọ siri flavor.

Cattleya - flavorful American

Mara mma Cattleya wee Europe nnọọ site na mberede. Ya epupụta na e ji dị ka nkwakọ ngwaahịa ihe onwunwe n'ụzọ na-aga ebe okpomọkụ lichens. Ngwugwu na osisi zigara William Cattleya onye chefuru-atụfu "nkwakọ." Ma mgbe ahụ a ọrụ ebube mere - na a ikpo nke green n'efu na ha mara mma okooko osisi! Ebe ọ bụ na-amụ osisi ụdị orchids. Ka ụbọchị, e nwere ihe karịrị 60 sub-umu nke a genus nke orchids.

Dị iche iche nke Cattleya achọ dị iche iche Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe. Central na South America, ebe e nwere ndị orchids nke ụdị nwere a n'ókèala na a dị iche iche pasent nke iru mmiri na okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ. Ụfọdụ ụdị ndụ na Amazon, ebe iru mmiri nwere ike iru 100%. Ụfọdụ na-achọ ihe akọrọ na anwụ na-acha ebe. A ole na ole ụdị Cattleya-eto eto na ugwu nke Brazil, ebe oyi okpomọkụ nke gburugburu 5 Celsius C. Cattleya genus na mejupụtara epiphytic osisi na litofitnyh.

N'agbanyeghị nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke umu, orchid osisi n'ime ohia mkpa ka e chebe. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa banyere orchids Eurasia. Ihe atụ, na Russia, Belarus na Ukraine e nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta 130 ụdị terrestrial orchids, ha na-egwu na ikpochapu.