Ịcha mode maka-egwe ọka. Types of mills, ngụkọta oge nke ọnwụ na-agba

Otu ụzọ nke gụchara ihe a na-egwe ọka. Ọ na-eji maka ọgwụgwọ nke metal na-abụghị dara workpieces. The na-arụ ọrụ usoro a na-achịkwa ọnwụ ọnọdụ.

Ihe kachasi mkpa n'ime usoro

Igwe a rụrụ ka miri roughing na finishing, akpụ n'elu a na-na profaịlụ (ohere mpere, grooves) ịcha ezé na toothed wiil, mmetụta mgbanwe, vytachivaniya art aghụghọ na lettering.

Arụ ọrụ ngwá ọrụ --egwe ọka cutter - anamde isi rotary ngagharị. Enyemaka bụ translational udia workpiece ikwu ya N'ezie. Usoro a bụ intermittent. Ya kasị mkpa mma na ọdịiche site mbịne na-egwu - eziokwu na onye ọ bụla eze bụ iche iche. Banyere nke a, e ji a ujo maka ya. Belata ha mmetụta na o kwere omume na-ele nke a ò ntule nke ọnọdụ na nhọrọ nke ụdịdị.

Basic echiche nke-egwe ọka igwe

Dabere na otú ndị spindle ndokwa na-arịọnụ ndị cutter na ya, si ụdị nke na-eme rụrụ na na ụzọ nke management, mata isi ụdị nke-egwe ọka akụrụngwa:

• kwụ;
• vetikal;
• eluigwe na ala;
• CNC-egwe ọka ígwè ọrụ.

Ihe bụ isi nkeji nke kwụ ọtọ igwe:

1. Eku, nke ụlọ nnyefe, nke achịkwakwa adiana nke spindle n'ịnyịnya ekwesị na-egbutusị n'ịnyịnya n'elu ya.
2. Isiokwu gụnyere a console na transverse Polozkov maka idozi na-akpụ akpụ na workpiece na na ndepụta igbe nke inye iwu na ndepụta ngagharị.

The kwụ igwe ngwá ọrụ na-ẹkenịmde ịgbasapụ. A eluigwe na ala nwere ọtụtụ iche.

E nwere a eluigwe na ala kwụ ngwá, nke e ji e arụ ọrụ table ma si otú mụbaa nso nke omume ọrụ rụrụ. Ke adianade do, e Shirokouniversalny enwe na ya Ọdịdị ma spindle na-enye ohere maka nile di iche iche nke-egwe ọka.

CNC-egwe ọka igwe na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site software na kọmputa akara. Ha na-bu n'obi nka ọgwụgwọ nke blanks, gụnyere na 3D-format.

nhazi ọkwa nke mills

Mills - a ngwaọrụ ọnwụ. Basic ahụ dị site nke ha na-tụrụ elu, na dayameta, size na chamfer zatylovaniya, circumferential nzọụkwụ. E nwere nnukwu dịgasị iche iche nke ha, na-na-ekesa dị ka dị iche iche ibiere:

• ụdị-ebupụta na-esichara (n'ihi na osisi, plastic, ígwè, nonferrous ọla, wdg);
• na ntụziaka nke adiana nke ije - na pravorezhuschih si Left;
• dabere na imewe atụmatụ - siri ike, brazed, mpịachi (nwere ntinye pupụtara) welded;
• udi: conical, cylindrical, disk;
• dabere na-arụ ọrụ na ọnọdụ na chọrọ ọnwụ òkè, nwere ike mere nke dị iche iche ihe. Ndị a gụnyere: carbon ngwá ọrụ na elu na-agba ígwè (Alloy na elu ọdịnaya nke tungsten) carbide (inogide - roughing, abrasion - finishing). Ekesa embodiments, mgbe ụlọ ka nke carbon nchara ma ọ bụ elu na-agba ígwè, na-akpụkwa mma - carbide wet;
• dabere na ngwa: cylindrical, ọgwụgwụ, ọgwụgwụ, slitting, ịcha na ekara.

The kasị ihe ọmụma atụmatụ: ihe nke mbepụ na nzube ya.

Types of mills maka ewepụghị na-ebupụta

Iji wepu n'ígwé nke ihe onwunwe na a kwụ, vetikal ma ọ bụ mmasị ụgbọ elu na-eji cylindrical na ọgwụgwụ mills.

The ngwá ọrụ nke mbụ ụdị nwere ike integral na shei ma ọ bụ mma. Large onye-ibe-egwe ọka nozzles na-haziri maka roughing na obere - maka gụchara. Ikwunye-na mpịachi knives nke ọnwụ isi ha nwere ike nke elu na-agba nchara ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na efere nke ike metal. Carbide egbutusị nwere a ukwuu arụpụtaghị karịa ndị mere nke alloyed ígwè alloy.

N'ịchọpụta a na-eji elongate ụgbọ elu, ezé-ya na-ekesa na njedebe ihu. Large ịkpakọba eji maka nnukwu ụgbọ elu. Site n'ụzọ, na-ewepụ ibe site siri hazie refractory ọla bụchaghị ọnụnọ nke carbide knives. Iji tinye a dị iche iche igwe ngwaọrụ mkpa a nnukwu obosara na ogologo nke ngwaahịa.

Iche iche nke ngwaọrụ nke na nkà nke-egwe ọka

Iji nye ihe a na-na profaịlụ, ngwa ụkpụrụ guzobere kama warara olulu na-eji na ọgwụgwụ diski-egwe ọka nozzles.

Ọnụ ma ọ bụ -egwe ọka grooving mgbasa maka ịcha grooves, warara na curved ụgbọ elu. All nke ha - onye-ibe ma ọ bụ welded, ọnwụ òkè nke elu na-agba ígwè alloy, nwere ike ịbụ tverdosplav na-gwakọtara, na n'ahụ bụ nke carbon ígwè. E malozahodnye (1-3 gburugburu) na multiple (4 ma ọ bụ karịa). Eji maka CNC igwe ngwaọrụ.

Njìàrụọrụ - ọ na-grooving egbutusị. Ọ bụ na ọdabara maka grooving, grooves, ịcha ezé na Kwadobe.

Art-egwe ọka a rụrụ na-osisi, metal, ịkwanyere.

Ụdị-egbutusị maka gbaa n'onu

Iwepụ swarf si nkuku, na-enye ha a ò ụdị, ịme ngosi uwe, nkewa na workpiece akụkụ nwere ike na-emejuputa atumatu iji a slotted, angular na ekara-egwe ọka nozzles:

1. Bee Slotted na nwere otu ọrụ dị ka na nke disk, ma na-ọzọ na-eji maka he na kewara enweghị isi òkè nke ihe onwunwe.
2. N'akuku a chọrọ maka n'ọnụ na nkuku nke akụkụ. E nwere otu-n'akuku (naanị otu ọnwụ òkè) na dvuhuglovye (ọnwụ na-ma conical ebupụta).
3. Ekara eji maka mgbagwoju aghụghọ. O nwere ike ịbụ semicircular ma ọ bụ concave. Na-eji n'ihi na ọnwụ na profaịlụ nke taps, reamers, ighikota u.

Fọrọ nke nta niile ụdị omume dum ígwè na-ewu ma ọ bụ foldable, na ọnụnọ nke wet carbide knives. Carbide egbutusị nwere elu mma na arụmọrụ nke ogologo ya maka ngwá ọrụ dị ka a dum.

The nhazi ọkwa nke ụdị-egwe ọka

E nwere ọtụtụ classifications, nke ịkọrọ iche iche nke-egwe ọka:

• Spindle ndokwa dị ka a usoro na-egwe ọka, karị, kehoraizin na vetikal;
• ntụziaka nke njem, na counter na n'out oge;
• dabere na ngwá ọrụ iji na-cylinder, n'ibu, ebu, ọnụ.

The cylindrical nhazi ọdabara kwụ ụgbọ elu site iche egbutusị na kwụ ígwè ọrụ.

Face-egwe ọka nwere ike-atụle eluigwe na ala. Ọ bụ na ọdabara ka niile iche nke kwụ, vetikal na-achọ ụgbọ elu.

Ọgwụgwụ finishing ana achi achi guzobe nke chọrọ profaịlụ nke cam uzo, u na ngwaọrụ.

Ekara nhazi a rụrụ maka na-ebupụta nke mgbagwoju nhazi: nkuku, n'ọnụ, grooves, ịcha ezé maka Kwadobe.

N'agbanyeghị nke ụdị ọrụ rụrụ na esichara ihe, na ya pụta aghaghị ịbụ nke elu ire ụtọ nke finishing oyi akwa, enweghị chipping, nkenke finishing. Iji nweta a dị ọcha elu imecha bụ mkpa ịchịkwa ọkọnọ ego nke workpiece ikwu na ngwá ọrụ.

Counter na ọrịrị-egwe ọka

Mgbe a counter metal dị ka-egwe ọka - na oghere nri kwupụta nozulu rotational mmegharị. Na nke a, ezé nwayọọ nwayọọ bee n'ime metal na-emeso, ibu na-ụba na kpọmkwem hà na uniformly. Otú ọ dị, tupu ị na-emikpu n'ime akụkụ nke eze, n'ihi na oge ụfọdụ o slides, akpụ hardening. Nke a na onu accelerates-egwe ọka ụzọ ọpụpụ si na ime ala. Eji maka roughing.

Mgbe ndị metụtara ụdị - workpiece nri tinyere ngwá ọrụ rotational mmegharị. The ezé na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru nnukwu ujo ibu. Power na 10% ala karịa na ndị na-abụghị-egwe ọka. Ọ rụrụ mgbe ọ gụchara nkọwa.

The isi echiche nke-egwe ọka arụmọrụ na CNC igwe

Ha na-ji a elu ogo akpaaka, nkenke arụ ọrụ usoro, elu arụpụtaghị. -Egwe ọka na NC lathe a rụrụ ọtụtụ mgbe site n'aka nke ọgwụgwụ ma ọ bụ ọgwụgwụ mills.

Ikpeazụ - kasị n'ọtụtụ ebe na. N'ihi ya, dabere na esichara ihe onwunwe, akpụ kwekọrọ ekwekọ ụdị ibe kpọmkwem software kwa-eji dị iche iche endmills. Ha na-nkewa dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Ndenye spirals nke hụ na e ọnụ mbepụ na kanavny mgbawa mwepụ.

Materials na a dum ibe amamihe milled na ngwaọrụ nke obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Ndenye. N'ihi siri ike metal shavings na a ji mara kink-egwe ọka ngwá ọrụ a ga-ahọrọ si a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke spirals.

The ojiji nke-egwe ọka egbutusị maka CNC igwe

Malozahodnye egbutusị maka CNC nwere ike si otu atọ ịcha n'ọnụ ya. Ha na-eji osisi, plastik, composites adụ ductile metal na-achọ ngwa ngwa mwepụ nke a dum ibe. Ha na-eji roughing blanks, nke na-adịghị etinye elu choro. N'ihi na ngwá ọrụ a haraktrena obere ikike, ala isi.

Iji art-filar rụrụ alumina-egwe ọka.

Ọtụtụ-eji na-di- na trehzahodnye ọnụ. Ha na-enye a elu isi ụkpụrụ, na qualitative mwepụ nke ibe-enye ohere na-arụ ọrụ ọla nke na-ajụ ekweghị ekwe (e.g., na ígwè).

Multiple-egbutusị maka CNC bụ karịa 4 ịcha n'ọnụ ya. Eji maka metal ọkara na elu ekweghị ekwe, nke na-ji ezi shavings na elu na-eguzogide. Ha attaches bukwanu arụmọrụ, ha na-mkpa n'ihi na ọ gụchara na ọkara finishing ma na-adịghị e mere na-arụ ọrụ na-adụ ihe.

Iji họrọ ziri ezi ngwá ọrụ maka CNC igwe dị mkpa ịtụle ịcha mode maka-egwe ọka, nakwa dị ka ihe niile àgwà nke workpiece.

ọnwụ nke Ọnọdụ

Iji hụ na nri quality milled oyi akwa dị mkpa n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị kọwaa na ịnọgide na-enwe achọrọ technical kwa. Isi egosi, na-akọwa na-achịkwakwa na-egwe ọka usoro, bụ ụdịdị nke ime.

Ngụkọta oge nke ịcha ọnọdụ mgbe-egwe ọka a rụrụ na isi ọcha:

1. Omimi (t, mm) - ọkpụrụkpụ nke dara bọl nke na-ewepụ ke otu ọrịa strok. Ọ na-ahọrọ-ewere n'ime akaụntụ ohere maka nhazi. Ike ike ime ihe a rụrụ na otu ngafe. Ọ bụrụ òkè dị ukwuu karịa 5 mm, na-egwe ọka a rụrụ multiple gafee, nke ikpeazụ na-ahapụ banyere 1 mm.
2. The obosara (B, mm) - obosara nke ọgwụgwọ elu na a direction perpendicular na nri ije.
3. Submission (S) - ogologo nke workpiece ikwu na ngwá ọrụ axis.

Chọpụta ọtụtụ oyiri echiche:

• Ndepụta kwa eze (S _z, mm / nha nha) - repositioning akụkụ mgbe n'usoro cutter na a anya si otu eze na-esonụ na-arụ ọrụ.
• Ndepụta kwa mgbanwe (S _banyere, mm / rev) - Ọdịdị na-akpụ akpụ na otu zuru ezu mgbanwe nke-egwe ọka nozulu.
• Ndepụta kwa nkeji (S _min, mm / min) - mkpa n'oge-egwe ọka ọnwụ mode.

Mmekọrịta ha na-guzosie ike matematematicheski:

S = S _{min nke * n = S z * z *} n,

ebe z - ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ezé;

n - na spindle adiana ugboro, min ^-1.

Na ndepụta ọnụego a na-enwe mmetụta anụ ahụ na nkà na ụzụ Njirimara nke si mesoo ebe, ngwá ọrụ ike na arụmọrụ nke feeder.

Ngụkọta oge nke ọnwụ na-agba

Dị ka elu ọnụ oke gbakọọ inweta ogo spindle ngwa ntụgharị. Ojiji ọsọ V, m / min dabere na dayameta nke cutter na ugboro nke ya n'usoro mmegharị:

V = (π * D * n) / 1000

-egwe ọka ngwá ọrụ rotational ọsọ na-ekpebisi ike site na:

n = (1000 * V) / (π * D)

Inwe ozi na nkeji ndepụta, ị nwere ike ikpebi oge a chọrọ maka nkwadebe nke c ogologo L:

T ₀ = L / S _min

Ngụkọta oge nke ịcha ọnọdụ n'oge egwe ọka ma na ha echichi n'ezie omumu igwe tupu ukpụhọde. E ò kọwaa kwa, ewere n'ime akaụntụ àgwà nke ngwá ọrụ na workpiece ihe onwunwe, na-enye elu na arụpụtaghị ihe.

Atụmatụ maka ịchọpụta na ụdịdị

Ọ gaghị ekwe omume na-ahọrọ ezigbo ịcha ọnọdụ-egwe ọka, ma ọ nwere ike na-eduzi ụkpụrụ ndị bụ isi:

1. Desirably, ndị cutter n'obosara kwekọrọ na omimi nke nhazi. Nke a ga-enye a otu ngafe ọcha n'elu. Ebe a na isi ihe na-akpata - ihe. N'ihi oke nro, ụkpụrụ a anaghị arụ ọrụ - na e nwere ihe ize ndụ nke ịkpụ, thicker karịa mkpa.
2. Shock na vibration Filiks bụ apụghị izere ezere. Na nke a, dịkwuo ndepụta ọnụego ụkpụrụ na-eduga ná ibelata. Optimally na-amalite na na ndepụta kwa eze nke 0,15 mm / ezé, na na usoro - mezie.
3. The ugboro ole nke adiana nke ngwá ọrụ ekwesịghị ịbụ na o kwere omume. Ma ọ bụghị ya, e nwere ihe ize ndụ nke mbenata ọnwụ ọsọ. Ọ nwere ike na-amụba na-abawanye nke cutter n'obosara.
4. Ịba ogologo nke na-arụ ọrụ nke-egwe ọka cutter, mmasị ukwuu nke ezé na-ebelata arụpụtaghị na nhazi àgwà.
5. Ndika ụkpụrụ nke velocities maka dị iche iche ihe:

• aluminum - 200-400 m / min;
• Ọla - 90-150 m / min;
• Igwe anaghị agba nchara - 50-100 m / min;
• Plastics - 100-200 m / min.

Ọ dị mma na-amalite na nkezi na-agba, na na usoro ịgbanwe ya a nta ma ọ bụ ibu n'akụkụ.

ịcha mode mgbe nsochi usoro dị mkpa iji chọpụta bụghị naanị mathematically ma ọ bụ site na iji pụrụ iche tebụl. Iji kwesịrị ekwesị họrọ ma wụnye ezigbo ntọala maka igwe na-achọrọ ngwaọrụ dị mkpa iji rụọ ọrụ ụfọdụ atụmatụ na ahụmahụ onwe onye.