Kiev: ntọhapụ nke ndị obodo si Nazi mwakpo (1943)

Ọzọ ihe, ihe na-eme na ụbọchị November 6, 1943 - ntọhapụ nke Kiev. On a ụbọchị, e nwere ihe omume nke na bated ume eche bi a obodo oge ochie. Taa, mgbe eke akụkọ ihe mere eme na-rewritten ma na-emejuputa atumatu a ọhụrụ anya na ọ dị mkpa karịsịa ka ha mara eziokwu banyere ihe ndị mere n'afọ ndị ahụ. Karịsịa, ndị niile bụ ndị na heroism nke ndị ekele ha bụ ntọhapụ nke Kiev (1943), a ga-echetara ndị Nazi mpụ.

Ọbụna ike iche n'echiche ihe pụrụ ịbụ ndị na-esi nke a ogologo stay n'obodo ndị agha nke atọ Reich, mgbe naanị afọ abụọ nke na-arụ na Babi yar gbara banyere 100 puku ndị nkịtị, ndị bi na ama esịn 180 puku, na 150 puku bi Soviet Ukraine bụ zitere ha na-na-arụ ọrụ na Germany.

Ọnọdụ na n'ihu ná mmalite nke November 1943

August 26 malitere agha maka Dnepr, nke soro otu n'ime ndị kasị ama arụmọrụ ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agha - agha na ndị Kursk ntopute. Soviet agha aghaghị ịmanye karịrị ha ike na mmiri mgbochi, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ụlọ akụ nke e ghọọ ndị Wehrmacht n'ime a dị ike iji chebe onwe akara, mara dị ka "East Wall". N'otu oge ahụ ndị Germany na-atụ anya na ndị agha Soviet na-amalite ihe rụrụ na oyi na-agafe Dnieper mgbe ice setịpụrụ na ya.

Dị ka a n'ihi nke ịga nke ọma nke na-akpasu iwe nke Red Army jide a bridgehead na nri akụ nke Dnieper gaa osimiri dị n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda nke Kiev. N'ihi ya na-kere prerequisites maka a siri ike n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ na-akpasu iwe.

Ntọhapụ nke Kiev si onye fasizim mwakpo: Nkwadebe maka ọrụ

Ná mmalite First Ukrainian iwu (ex Voronezh) n'ihu presupposed itinye dị nnọọ abụọ pin. Chief n'etiti ha ka a ga-emejuputa atumatu oru site na Bukrin bridgehead, emi odude 80 km n'ebe ndịda nke obodo nke Kiev, na inyeaka - si n'ebe ugwu. Dị na a plan, na October ugboro abụọ nwara agha. Otú ọ dị, ma ugboro ọkụkụ na Burkinskiy direction dara, ma, ọ na-gbasaa bridgehead, nke nọ n'ógbè dị n'ebe ugwu nke Kiev Lyutezh. The ihe a ga-eji nke ikpeazụ mwakpo, nzube nke nke bụ na-ntọhapụ nke Kiev. N'otu oge ahụ ndị agha na bridgehead Burkinskiy ntụziaka "tie" ọ dị ukwuu dị ka o kwere omume na-agha nke Wehrmacht, na ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ dị mma - inwere site n'ihu na-amalite na-aga n'ihu. megharịa ha anya e ji mee ihe maka nzube a. Karịsịa, ka onye iro na-adịghị ama nyefe nke 3rd-eche ha nche tank Army, Bukrin bridgehead armored ụgbọala dochie ụdị, nke di iduhie onye-iro-akwọ ụgbọelu fega nyoputa onyeiro sorties.

Agha bụ ndị iro tupu agha maka Kiev

Site n'oge November na Red Army na Kiev ebe anọwo na ọrụ banyere 7000 egbe na ogbunigwe, 700 ugbo elu na 675 tankị na onwe-propelled egbe. Otu nọmba nke alụso na atụ bọmbụ bụ ndị iro ya. Otú ọ dị, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke egbe na ogbunigwe na tankị na Red Army nwere a nta uru. N'otu oge ahụ na-ekpuchi obodo si n'ebe ugwu German iwu nyere iwu na-ewu nke 3 e wusiri ike agbachitere edoghi, ọnụnọ nke nke bụ budata igbochi ije nke anyị agha.

Ntọhapụ nke Kiev (1943): Akụkụ nke mbụ nke ọrụ

Malite na-akpasu iwe e nyere ụtụtụ nke 3 November. Akpa, a dị ike na ogbunigwe nkwadebe, sochiri a igbu si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, na-eleghara Kiev ẹkenịmde. Ọ rụrụ 60th na 38th Army na nkwado nke ndị agha nke ise-eche ha nche tank agha. Ọ gburu a ezigbo ikuku agha nke e gbara ala 31 iro ugbo elu, na ihe nile Soviet aces mere 1150 sorties. Kpụ ọkụ alụ ọgụ n'ala. N'ihi ya, mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ụbọchị ya tụgharịa na anyị iku ike kpaliri niile n'ihu na a anya nke 5 ruo 12 km.

Ihe November 4, 1943

Kyiv ntọhapụ a dịtụ egbu oge ruru ka oghom ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Nke bụ eziokwu bụ na n'oge ụbọchị na November 4 bụ drizzling mmiri ozuzo. Ntụle nsogbu awakpo Soviet agha agha mbụ ẹkenam-eche ha nche agha agha na mee, tinyere akpa Czechoslovak Brigade, n'okpuru iwu nke L. Svoboda. Ke adianade do, na mgbede na-akpasu ya iwe, nke iso n'abalị, gara site na nkeji nke atọ-eche ha nche tank Army, kwuru okwu na Chakwasa ihie na-agbasa egwu n'etiti German agha.

November 5

Ọzọ n'isi ụtụtụ Soviet tankị wee Svyatoshino na-egbochi okporo ụzọ ejikọta Kiev ka Zhitomir, si otú igbupụ na Kiev ìgwè nke ndị fọdụrụ agha nke ndị Nazi. All ụbọchị e nwere ndị na-alụ ọgụ na òkè nke bipu, ogbunigwe, ugbo elu na armored ugbo ala, na nke onye-iro ahụhụ nnukwu losses na a manyere agbahapụ.

November 6th

N'ikpeazụ, Soviet agha banyere Kiev abalị. Ntọhapụ nke ndị obodo ahụ ọsọ ọsọ nke na Red Flag na a kpọlitere ya na 00 awa na minit 30, na site n'elekere anya 4 nke ụtụtụ n'obodo gunfire akpatre talatara.

N'otu oge ahụ, e kwuru na ihe ndị agha nke mbụ Ukrainian Front meriri ndị tank 2, 9 bipu nkewa na otu motorized nkewa.

Ikpeazụ ogbo nke ọrụ

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke November iwu nke ndị German otu nke ụsụụ ndị agha "South" zubere counterattack na Krivoy Rog ebe, Nikopol na Apostolovo, ya nwere ike a ga-eji jide isi obodo nke Soviet Ukraine, ya mee, nyere armored na motorized nkewa. Nke a ọnọdụ ngwa ngwa ntọhapụ nke Kiev si Nazi, na n'oge November 7th ndị agha nke mbụ Ukrainian Front jisiri nyak obodo Fastow. Otú ọ dị, na November 10-11, kụziri German nkeji rutere enyemaka nke alaghachi azụ Wehrmacht agha, malite mbụ njọ German counterattacks. Otú ọ dị, mgbe a izu (13 November) e wepụtara Zhitomir. Attack gbara nnọọ ọkpụrụkpụ nke akụkụ nke Seventh Army agha Wehrmacht kwụsịrị agbahapụ, naanị-eru 50 km n'ebe ndịda nke Kiev. Na nke a 13 na 60th Army na njedebe nke November ha ruru akara nke ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu nke Narovlya Korosten, Ovruch na Yelsk.

Dị ka mba-eme ememe mmeri

Ntọhapụ nke Kiev si Nazi (ụbọchị: November 6, 1943) e zutere site na Soviet ndị mmadụ na a n'echiche nke oké ọṅụ. N'oge a, na Moscow, e nyere m ekele 24 volleys. Ọ na-ada a ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke egbe aka.

N'ihi na ahụkebe obi ike na heroism agha, nke rụpụtara na ntọhapụ nke Kiev, na iwu na Ọla nke 17 mmadụ 500 e ọdịda. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ na ọchịagha na 139 agha nke mbụ Czechoslovak brigeedi. Banyere agha unit na, site na ya ọkọlọtọ e mmasị na Order of Suvorov abụọ ogo. Ọzọkwa, 65 akụkụ nke Soviet na ogige e ọdịda Honor ebe a Kiev. N'etiti ha, ndị agha nọ n'okpuru iwu nke Colonel General K. Moskalenko, Lieutenant-General Ivan Chernyakhovsky, P. Rybalko, S. Krasovsky na Major General P. Korol'kova.

pụta

Kiev Ntọhapụ (Ụbọchị: November 6, 1943) bụ nke usoro dị mkpa na ọnọdụ na Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya asakde iso ese. N'oge na-arụ ọrụ, ndị agha nke Soviet Union meriri itoolu bipu, otu motorized na abụọ armored nkewa nke Wehrmacht wakporo ma bibie 600 tankị, 1,200 egbe na ogbunigwe, nakwa dị ka 90 ugbo elu. ihe dị mkpa bridgehead tinyere bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Dnieper 230 km ogologo na elu 145 km ke omimi, nke e mechara na-egwuri a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ na agha maka ntọhapụ nke Right-Bank Ukraine e kere. Ke adianade do, Soviet iwu ike akpaghasị German ọchịagha dị njikere counterattack na Kirovograd ebe.

miscalculations

Soviet isi, atụmatụ na rụrụ ọrụ, nke rụpụtara na ntọhapụ nke Kiev, e kwetara ụfọdụ emehie ihe. Karịsịa, ka ahụ na-abịanụ nkeji nke Red Army okpu ibibi onye iro bụ isi ndị agha mgbe November 15, ọ bụ ike counter-agha, na ruo mgbe 22 December anyị agha okpu iji nweta a ịrịba ọganihu a mpaghara.

onwu

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ na ma agha ọzọ ruru ọtụtụ puku. Karịsịa, ndị na-esonụ ọnụ ọgụgụ na-e nyere Soviet historiography kọwaa Red Army weere: 6491 ndị mmadụ gburu, 24 078 - merụrụ ahụ. Dị ka ndị agha nke Wehrmacht, na 389 agha e gburu na unan 3018.

Response na pịa

Ntọhapụ nke Kiev na Mmeri Soviet agha ke Right-Bank Ukraine mere a obosara resonance. Karịsịa pụtara ìhè bụ isiokwu English na American pịa, nke ewere ihe omume a dị ka isi mmeri nke atọ Reich. Dị ka ihe atụ, akụkọ nke ama Radio London E kwuru na mgbe ndị agha nke Wehrmacht nwere Kiev, ndị Germany turu ọnụ na bụghị n'ebe dị anya ngụkọta mmeri nke Red Army ofụri South-East, na mgbe ntọhapụ nke isi obodo nke Ukraine ama Germany onwe ya wee malite ịnụ gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ n'obi nke a olili ozu mgbịrịgba.

Ugbu a, na ị maara otú bụ ntọhapụ nke Kiev, nakwa dị ka ihe ndị funahụrụ ndị agha ọzọ, na-arụpụta nke a na ime ihe metụtara n'ihu N'ezie nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya.