Nikolay Gerasimovich Kuznetsov - Admiral nke Fleet. Russian ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Admiral Kuznetsov"

Great Russian ọchịagha kere ebube Russian ngwá agha na ala, ikuku na oké osimiri. Peter m na-eme atụmatụ na mba mmepe dị ka a Maritime ike, na-ebikwasị mbụ shipyards na-adọta ndị mba ọzọ ndị injinia. Ọrụ ya nyeere Russia iji merie a ọtụtụ nnukwu mmeri na oké osimiri. Ushakov, Nakhimov - a bụ nke mbụ naval isi, ndi aha nwere ike ịbụ mpako nke mba anyị. Na USSR, bụ onye nọchiri ha mmeri bụ Admiral Kuznetsov, ndụ ya e ejikọrọ na naval agha inextricably.

biography

Na echiche nke Nicholas Gerasimovitch Kuznetsova, ụgbọ mmiri management ahụmahụ bụ nyere ozugbo, ọ ga-enwetara site na-eso ụzọ nke-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. Nke ahụ bụ ihe malitere meteoric ọrụ nke a nwata nwoke si obodo Medvedkov Astrakhan mpaghara. Future Admiral Kuznetsov see nsoro na afọ 15, na-agbakwụnye ya afọ abụọ, ọ na-wepụtara onwe ha maka Civil War. Na 1919, ọ lụrụ ọgụ ka a-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ụgbọ mmiri Northern Dvina flotilla. Mgbe m gụsịrị na Naval Academy na mgbe e mesịrị na Academy na ukpono, Kuznetsov zitere ozi na Black Sea Fleet. The ugbo agha "Red Ukraine" ghọrọ a akwụkwọ akwọ ụgbọ mmiri maka ya, nke malitere na post uweojii nke oche. Ebe ọ bụ na 1933, ọ ghọrọ onyeisi ndị ugbo agha, n'ime ọzọ afọ ise nke ọrụ, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ na-eme ememe dị ka a nlereanya nke ọzụzụ agha, ịdọ aka ná ntị, arụmọrụ égbè. The Navy malite ịgwa banyere eke Kuznetsova usoro, nke na-usoro nke nkwadebe nke agha n'ụlọikpe dị na niile fleets nke USSR. Nke-ntà-isi nke mbụ n'usoro na 1935 e ọdịda nke Order nke Red Star. Na oge nke ọrụ na ugbo agha Kuznetsov emepe emepe ọhụrụ si eme nke na-eduzi naval ọgụ, ọfiọkde mkpa nke ikuku nyoputa onyeiro. Na ya n'ọnụ arụmụka na-ekwu na mmekọrịta nke niile ụdị nke agha ga-enye nti utịp agha arụmọrụ. The kasị mkpa ọrụ ya kenyere ugbo elu. N'ọdịnihu, a ozizi na-abụghị nanị enen, kamakwa n'ihi Kuznetsov, azoputa ọtụtụ ndụ, na-eme a ịrịba onyinye mmeri nke Soviet Union na asakde iso ese of World War II.

Spain

Na 1936, ihe aga-eme ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-alụso fasizim bịara n'ezi nnyefe na ebutu nke enyemaka na-abịa site Soviet Union. Kuznetsov ka a naval attaché na Spain, na omume, bụ kwenyesiri ike na correctness nke ozizi ya. iro ugbo elu ụgbọ mmiri mikpuru na-abịaru nso ka ụgbọ mmiri, ha na-eme budata siere agbapụta n'ahụ, nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ nke agha edinam. Kuznetsov emepụta a alaka ọhụrụ - naval ụgbọelu, nke dabeere na mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ebe na ichughachiazu ọgụ nke onye iro alụso. N'ihi na nke a na-arụ ọrụ o e ọdịda nke Order "Red Banner" na "Lenin". Alọta Spain na 1937, Kuznetsov họpụtara ka a Deputy wee Chief nke Pacific Fleet. Isi na-achị, nke o ka e si na-alụ ọgụ Spain, bụ mgbe nile readiness nke ọ bụla ụgbọ mmiri na nsoro dị ka a dum.

tupu agha

Na 30 afọ nke USSR amalite ike ọhụrụ, ndị ọzọ dị ike nsoro, bụ nke e bibiri n'oge Russian-Japanese agha nke 1904. Future Admiral Kuznetsov na 1937 a gụnyere na iwu nke Chief nke Military Council nke Navy, nke na-kere site Commissariat. Na 34, ọ ghọrọ ntà Ndị mmadụ Commissar nke Navy. Na ya na-erubere ndị na-eto eto, ọ bụghị nnọọ ahụmahụ, ma na-achọ ka okpukpu abụọ nke ebube nke Russian agha ọrụ. Kuznetsov subordinated ozugbo Stalin, ọ na-eme ka o siere ha ike na-arụ ọrụ. Ọchịagha na Chief aga iwu ọhụrụ nsoro nke nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri - battleships, mgbere. Kuznetsov, on Kama nke ahụ, ha siri ọnwụ na ntọhapụ nke mmiri nke dị iche iche ọmụmụ, gụnyere ụgbọelu na-ebu. Ọ rụrụ ụka onye ndú nke mkpa ike a gbara osimiri okirikiri ugbo elu, ike na-ebu a ngwa ngwa nnyocha na iji hụ na mma ije nke ụgbọ mmiri. The ọrụ dị mkpa e kenyere Kuznetsov ọzụzụ nke pesonel ke ifịk agha mgbe nile na-arụ ọrụ ọgụ ọnọdụ, njikere nke ọ bụla ụgbọ mmiri a na anya agha. Na oge site na 1938 ruo 1948 ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ meghere ike a ruru eru naval isi na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. Kuznetsov onwe gara ọ bụla arịa, nyochaa nnabata nke ụgbọ mmiri na ndị inye ụkpụrụ, na-amata ihe ndị mmiri na mmega. Site na mmalite nke agha, n'agbanyeghị nghọtahie na Stalin, ndị na-eto eto si commissar mere ịrụ ọtụtụ n'ime ha echiche na kere ọhụrụ agha-nke kwesịrị Soviet nsoro.

Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya

TASS akụkọ, ịgọnahụ ekwe omume nke a German agha na ndị Soviet Union, malitere Kuznetsova òkù ime ihe. Ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ na-onwem na mmanụ ụgbọala mee, ẹkenịmde a full atọ ndị yiri nkata ihe akụkụ na mgbọ, anọwo ike patrols na ọgụgụ isi. Ebe ọ bụ na May 1941 pesonel nke a machibidoro iwu n'ikpere mmiri ezumike, n'otu oge Noa politpodgotovka alụso. Mmalite nke Nazi awakpo nsoro zutere na zuru ọgụ readiness, ezere losses. Kere tupu agha plan-echebe omume eketịbede on Kuznetsova si iwu na-enweghị kpọmkwem aka nke Ọchịagha. Imechibido nke mines, eketịbede submarines, onye iro ugbo elu bibie na obibia nke ebe Fleet. June 24 igbochi iyi egwu pụtara na mmiri nke Baltic Navy na iwu o mebiri Kuznetsova na Kronstadt, na-ahapụ Tallinn. Naval ogbunigwe nyeere na-agbachitere Leningrad na ya ntọhapụ pụọ na mgbochi. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri wee akụkụ ke ala arụmọrụ, na-enyere ndị ike ịchịkwa onye fasizim armada. Atụ bọmbụ nke Baltic nsoro na August 1941 mere ka ọtụtụ oke etiwapụ na Berlin, ha emeghị ka ịrịba ojoo ka German isi obodo, ma na-eweli morale anyị agha. Ebe ọ bụ na 1944, na iwu nke Ọchịagha Kuznetsov and - Admiral nke Fleet, utu aha a bụ ọdịda nke mbụ na iri na a Marshal.

N'ihi

Active alụ ọgụ Soviet nsoro emewo ka nnukwu losses site onye iro. Fleet Admiral and Kuznetsov onwe mepụtara niile na-aga n'ihu arụmọrụ mma site mgbe Ọchịagha na Chief, na-eme mgbe nile na-igba na ndị ọzọ ogwe aka. Ụgbọ mmiri, submarines n'oge agha bibie 1,200 nkeji (iga, nche) nke onye iro. Navy Aviation na agha n'ala ma nyawaa karịrị 5,000 German ugbo elu. N'otu oge, ndị agha nke ndị Northern Fleet rụrụ nchedo na njem nke ngwá ahịa si na-ejikọ mba. Ọtụtụ narị puku mmadụ e e si na ụzọ ndụ nke nọchigide Leningrad, ihe karịrị 10 tọn ibu anapụta ndị agụụ na-agụgbu obodo. On minefields ebibi karịrị 200 iro ụgbọ mmiri. Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov e ọdịda nke Order of "Ushakov" 1 ogo "Red Banner" na "Lenin". Karịa 70 Ụgbọ mmiri e ọdịda aha nke-eche ha nche, 513-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri ghọrọ Heroes nke Soviet Union. Dị ka Ọchịagha nke Navy Admiral nke Soviet Union Kuznetsov abuana ke mba uwa okwu, nzukọ na mkparita uka na jikọrọ aka.

mgbe agha,

Ebumnobi bụ isi nke peacetime agha mmiri bụ mgbake. shipbuilding oru ngo (gụnyere ụgbọelu na-ebu) na mmepe nke naval agha E gosiri Stalin onwe Commissar. And Kuznetsov, ochiagha, mere ma ama n'oge agha, siri ọnwụ na ha atụmatụ na chọrọ, nke bụ mgbe-emegide echiche nke onye ndú. N'ihi na ndị a dịgasị iche iche, na onwe-ezi omume na 1948, Kuznetsov e demoted ahụ n'usoro nke N'azụ Admiral na ihe fọrọ nke nta wee nọdụ ala na n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ nọrọ ọnwa isii na-enweghị ọrụ, ahụhụ a nkụchi obi, ma ọ bụ ike na-amalite ọrụ dị ka a osote onye na ọchịagha nke Navy nke Far East. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ọ na-esote n'usoro Vice-Admiral nke ugboro abụọ. Na 1951, na onye na iji nke Stalin, ọ laghachiri Moscow na n'ụzọ zuru ezu gbanwee. The ọzọ aha Admiral Kuznetsov natara na 1953, ọ na-ama abuana ifịk ifịk ke utom na-achọ shipbuilding omume nyochaa.

thrice Admiral

The n'ihu akara aka nke Nikolaya Gerasimovicha na njikọ aka nsoro akakabarede na ya imekọ ihe ọnụ na mkpa ụlọ ọrụ na Academy nke Sciences nke USSR mere ya ekwe omume ike a nuclear-kwadoro submarines. Ọ mmasị oké mkpa na-akwadebe mmiri na akụ ụta. Ha na-enịm ke submarines na idei mmiri ndị ụgbọ. Echiche nke ihe e kere eke nke ugbo elu na-ebu na-adịghị hụrụ ya mmezu ruo mgbe 1972, mgbe e tụziri nke mkpa okwu nke "agha nzuzo" na United States. Ịnọgidesi Ike Kuznetsova nyeere propel omume nke modernization nke nsoro, ma ọ kara njọ ya mmekọahụ na-achị achị nọ n'ọkwá dị elu. N'okpuru Khrushchev, na Admiral Kuznetsov ọzọ demoted. Ọrịa ya mere ka o kwe omume wepu ya si post of ọchịagha na ndị isi nke Navy, na eziokwu wepụrụ si ikpe, nke o jiri ndụ ya nile. Ma mkpụrụ nke ya ọrụ amịghịkwa pụta - ụgbọelu ụgbọelu Admiral Kuznetsov e wuru. Retired Kuznetsov dere ọtụtụ ihe banyere Navy, nsụgharị nke ndị mba ọzọ akwụkwọ na inyocha ha mmeri na mmeri e meriri. Ọ nwụrụ na December 6, 1974, e wee lie ya Novodevichy Ili Ozu na Moscow. The atọ bụ Admiral nke Fleet Kuznetsov mgbe ọnwụ ya, aha laghachiri na 1988 nsogbu ndị ọrụ ibe ya na ndị ezinụlọ Nikolaya Gerasimovicha.

The ụgbọelu ụgbọelu Admiral Kuznetsov

Na 1982, ndị ebuka nke Black Sea ano ise arọ ugbo agha tọrọ na osisi. Ya oche e mere maka n'ụlọ, ọdịda na-na-apụ nke Su na mig ugbo elu. Site oge nke na-ebikwasị nke ụgbọ mmiri ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke ihe nile ụdị ule, o nwere anọ aha: "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Na na na 1990 ahụ ka ụgbọ ahụ na-agba aha "Soviet Union Fleet Admiral Kuznetsov". The ụgbọ mmiri na oru na 1985, aka iso ya buoyant imecha ụlọ, na-akwadebe na igbochi ngwá agha ijupụta. Na 1989, ndị ọrụ guzo n'akụkụ ya, na-akwọ ụgbọelu ahụ malitere anwale runways e ji mara. Su-25, Su-27, mig 29 ọma nagide ọrụ, wee zigara uru ship n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri maka ẹkụre.

akụrụngwa

The ụgbọelu ụgbọelu Admiral Kuznetsov, e doro ihe e ọtụtụ reconstructions. Ya Rada, igodo, electronic ngwá agha ga-mgbe niile kwalite. The ụgbọ mmiri nke a size na klas bụ nnọọ ike iji tọghata na nnọọ oké ọnụ na-anya, ma ọ bụ ruo ugbu ụbọchị na ọrụ, ọrụ a ga-ekewet nke Northern Fleet. Ya Ndahie (kacha) bụ 61 m, ogologo -. 306 m, obosara -. 71 m. Elu - 65 mita, kacha draft - 10 m. Na propulsor pyatilopastnye anọ kposara na-nyere na dizel-generators ije (6), uzuoku tobaim (4) na tobaim generators (9). Mgwo agha mejupụtara agba "Granit", "Dirk", "Mma Daga",-emegide ugbo elu egbe AK-630, RBU ASW bombs. Ihe bụ isi ụgbọelu na-agụnye iri ise ugbo elu na helicopters.

mmepe

Ka ụbọchị, ụgbọelu ụgbọelu Admiral Kuznetsov, bụ kasị ụgbọ mmiri nke ụdị. Ya analogues na-adịghị emepụta ekwe Navy atụmatụ na a direction na nzuzo. Ma na-edu ndú nke oge a Russian Navy ghotara n'ezie na na site N. G. Kuznetsovym afọ 50 gara aga, mmepe nke oru ngo mkpa ka ndị bụ taa. Ọ bụ omume na ndị ọhụrụ ugbo elu na-ebu, nke na-ọzọ ngwa ngwa na oge a shipyards ga-tọrọ izute n'oge a chọrọ. Nke a na-emetụta ma na ngwá agha na ụgbọ mmiri engines. New naval arịa n'okpuru iwu na-eto eto admirals ga-emeri ịdị obosara nke oké osimiri, na-egosi na ụwa ike nke Russian na ngwá agha, ma na-echefu banyere ndị mmadụ bụ onye dere, mbụ peeji nke akwụkwọ a, ọ dịghị mkpa.