Ndịda osimiri

Gịnị bụ oké osimiri? Ocean - a zuru ụwa ọnụ mmiri shei nke Earth, nke daputara kọntinent na isuo. More karịa iri asaa percent (na-kpọmkwem, 71%) nke Earth n'elu kpuchie site osimiri. Gịnị bụ oké osimiri? Kọntinent na nnukwu agwaetiti nke ụwa oké osimiri na-ekewa n'ime ise n'akụkụ. Na map na-emepụta na Russian Federation, ị yikarịrị agaghị achọta na Southern Ocean. Otú ọ dị, na 2000, International Hydrographic Union nakweere a mkpebi na nkewa nke ụwa mmiri ohere na ise oké osimiri. Mara gburugburu Pacific, Indian, Atlantic na Arctic kwukwara Southern Ocean. N'ihi gịnị ka o kwukwara ka a na ndepụta? N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ókè ebe ndịda nke Atlantic, Pacific na Indian osimiri ndị pụtara ot, mmiri, n'akụkụ Antarctica, nwere kpọmkwem Njirimara. Otú ọ dị, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na International Hydrographic Union mkpebi bụghị e ratified.

Southern Ocean na s ihe n'ebe ugwu ókè, nke a na-ewere ndị Antarctic Convergence mpaghara (mpaghara nke convergence nke elu okwukwo). Ụfọdụ oceanographers, ọkà mmụta sayensị kweere na anụ ahụ ókè nke ala Southern Ocean bụ ubé n'ebe ugwu, ya bụ aak si ndịda nke Tierra del Fuego ka South Africa. Ya ebe bụ karịa 76 nde square kilomita, ndị kasị ibu tụrụ atụ omimi nke South Sanwichi trenchi bụ banyere 8428 mita.

The mbụ kọwara Southern Ocean na 1650. The Dutch geographer B. Varenius. Mgbe e mesịrị, na narị afọ nke 18, ọ malitere a na-amụ mpaghara.

Na 1845, ndị London Royal Obodo Society nyere dum ohere, nke bụ nanị n'ebe ndịda pola gburugburu na n'ebe ndị Antarctic Afrika, na-akpọ Southern Arctic Ocean. Southern Ocean na akwụkwọ nke International Hydrographic Organization e kewapụrụ na 1937 si Pacific, Atlantic na Indian, Otú ọ dị, mgbe e mesịrị ka a gbahapụrụ agbahapụ.

Site n'akụkọ nke na-amụ Southern Ocean a maara na mbụ ụgbọ mmiri, nke gafere na 1559 n'ebe ndịda pola gburugburu, bụ a Dutch ship n'okpuru iwu nke Dirk Geerittsa, a so a skwodron nke Jacob Magyu. D. Geerittsa ụgbọ mmiri ndị Strait nke Magellan mgbe a siri ike ifufe tụfuru n'anya skwodron, je n'ebe ndịda. Idobe ihe dị ka 64 ° ndịda ohere, iwu hụrụ elu n'ala.

Na 1772, afọ nke Great Britain ụgbọ mmiri na ya na nwa agbọghọ oké osimiri mkpọsa na ndịda Ụwa nke ndị a ma ama na-eme nchọpụta D. Cook, na mmalite nke 1773rd afọ, ya abụọ mmiri ruru n'ebe ndịda pola gburugburu. Otú ọ dị, mgbe a sikwara ike njite agha na-ice, ha we laghachi. A ọnwa ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị Cook ọzọ gara Southern Ocean, na December 8, 1773 kụrụ n'ebe ndịda nke Arctic gburugburu, ma ahụ ka ụgbọ ahụ zatort ice. Otú ọ dị, ọ tọhapụrụ ice n'agha, na ihe karịrị ndịda. Ma ọzọ na ọ kwụsịrị ihe impenetrable mgbidi ice, nke a na-adịghị ekwe ka na-aga n'ihu. Na nke abụọ njem na South osisi Cook ugboro abụọ gafere Antarctic gburugburu, ma kwenyesie ike na a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ icebergs na-egosi na o kwesịrị ịbụ a ịrịba Antarctic Afrika. Ya pola oké osimiri ahụmahụ nke njem o mere o doro anya na kọwara n'ụzọ doro anya na ihe karịrị onye ọ bụla, ma e wezụga ndị sikwara ike njite whalers, ogologo oge agaghị anwa anwa gaa n'ógbè ndị ahụ na-enyocha ha.

Na June 1819 Russian nchọpụta Bellingshausen na Mikhail Lazarev wee abụọ sloops agha site Kronstadt kwupụta Southern Ocean. Ha esiwo n'ofè ndịda nke Arctic gburugburu, gabiga ya n'akuku Iru-anyanwu, na January 1821 chọpụtara agwaetiti nke Peter m, na mgbe e mesịrị na January nke 1820 - Earth Alexander I. The njem nyere n'iwu site Bellingshausen mere mbụ zuru so obere ụgbọ mmiri n'ụlọikpe gburugburu Antarctica, emeghe n'oge a mmiri na nkà mmụta sayensị njem.