Putorana Reserve. Mee nke Krasnoyarsk Territory

Odude Putoransky State Nature Reserve na ebe abụọ nke Taimyr Autonomous District - Khatanga na Dudinka, na na-na na Evenk Autonomous Okrug, na Ilim mpaghara. Reserve Center na-ewe zuru Putoransky ugwu usoro. Echebe ala nwee ngụkọta nke ebe banyere 1.8 Mill. Hectare.

Nke a echekwa mpaghara na-agụnye taa 3 cordon: Dyupkun ọdọ, ọdọ na ọdọ Dog Manumakli. Na 2 ọgwụ maka ebumnuche nyocha: ọdọ na ọdọ Ayan Kutaramakan.

History idobere

Putorana Reserve (see n'elu) na e guzobere si idobere nke otu aha naanị na 1988, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ajụjụ nke nzukọ ya na-atụle azụ na 1970. Na 2001, e nwere a ịrịba ihe omume - na idobere na-nominated n'ihi na ọnọdụ, nke ikike ya na-n'etiti ndị otu nke eke na omenala nketa nke UNESCO n'ụwa nzukọ.

Putoransky idobere: ihu igwe

Na Putoransky idụhe idobere iche sharply continental okpomọkụ na elu njupụta. Nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke 100 ° C, na ke edem edere - 86 Celsius C. Polar ụbọchị dịruru 74 ụbọchị (16 May - 29 July), na polar abalị - 56 ụbọchị (25 November - 13 January).

On Putoransky ala dị larịị bụ nnọọ doro anya na anya ala zoning nwere ike ghara kwuru banyere ndị ọzọ na mpaghara nke Russia. N'akụkụ dị iche iche nke ala dị larịị kpụrụ ya Okirikiri, budata dị iche n'etiti onwe ha, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ebe nwere otu geological na morphological Ọdịdị. Plateau dị na ebe nrutu nke lonjituudu na ohere nke eke ebe. N'ihi na n'ebe ndịda akụkụ e ji ọnọdụ na subarctic ihu igwe zones, nke pụtara na Itie nke ókè-ala bụ isi ihe abụọ na ụdị odida obodo metụtara ndị kasị elu taxonomic ọkwá.

mmadụ na-eme

Putoransky ugwu usoro, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere ya n'ebe ndịda, n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na-eji ihe ndị gara aga nke ọma amaala ahụ nke region maka omume nke ịkụ azụ, ịchụ nta na reindeer husbandry. Ndị dị otú ahụ ụzọ nke ojiji nke eke ego, omenala maka Far North, gụrụ oge niile na a ụfọdụ ụzọ na ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke ugwu dị larịị. N'ụzọ doro anya na nke a anthropogenic mmetụta emetụta mgbanwe na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ukwu ngwangwa umu, na mbụ na-ezo aka a bi Putoransky bighorn atụrụ.

The-ezighị ezi mmetụta nke mmadụ ọrụ

Na Putoransky Reserve maa mma ọhịa ọdịdị nke Russia dịtụbeghị a siri ike mmadụ mmetụta, nke kwere gburugburu bi eke n'ụwa ekpe fọrọ nke nta na-emebibeghị. Na mpaghara a nke mmadụ ọrụ na-egosipụta na na na-arụ nke ụmụ amaala ndị mmadụ azụ, ịchụ nta na reindeer zụọ.

O sina dị, dị ka a n'ihi nke mmetụta nke budata ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obodo endemics - Putoransky bighorn atụrụ, ubé erughị ndị bi ghọrọ munsu, ọhịa reindeer, wolverines, weasels, sables, nkịta ọhịa na anụ ọhịa wolf.

Industrial ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara ubé. N'etiti ha, isi ihe, nke na-emetụta ọdịdị nke gbara ya gburugburu na nchekwa umu ebe na-adịghị mma, bụ ndị kasị ibu Ngwuputa na Metallurgical mgbagwoju, emi odude ke Norilsk. Ọ bụ adịghị anya site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Putorana Reserve, odika 150-200 kilomita pụọ. Ọ aku ihe enterprise Ngwuputa dara ores na ọla, otú e nwere na-mgbe na-ewetara ndị ruru unyi ikuku umu anwuru nke nwere oxides nke arọ ọla, sọlfọ, carbon na ájá.

All nke a bụ nnọọ ezighị ezi mmetụta na ọdịdị na-emecha na-eduga ná mgbanwe ahịhịa na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke otú Putorana Reserve na echekwa mpaghara. Na nkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ, i nwere ike ịhụ ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma banyere mmetụta nke ulo oru umu anwuru na obodo osisi, mgbe ha na-edebe ọrụ nche-adịghị akpa àgwà ha nnyocha. E nwere ma kpamkpam kpọmkwem size nke ebe na-gụrụ na-emerụ ulo oru umu anwuru. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị mbido kwuru nke ọrụ Mining na Metallurgical Ikpokọta na Norilsk njọ na-emetụta ihe 1/10 square Putorana Reserve na 1/3 nke echekwa mpaghara.

eke Beauty

The idobere bụ Central eke ihe na-atụle Putorana akwa dị larịị, nke na-ekpuchi ebe nke banyere 2.5 nde hectare. Na Central Siberia-atụle ga-nnukwu ọnyà basalt ala dị larịị. The bụbu Soviet Union na e nwere ebe ọzọ nke a na ụdị enyemaka. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na na ala dị larịị aku-eme na-adịghị rụrụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mgbe ebighị ebi.

Hydrological ihe na-anọchi anya na idobere na-emechi osimiri efere - Khatanga Pyasina na kasị - Yenisei.

Puritan Reserve nwere ọtụtụ waterfalls na-enye ya ịrịba mma. Ebe a bụ ndị kasị elu na nsụda mmiri Russia (108 mita).

Ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri Putorana Reserve ama n'ihi na ya pụrụ iche na oké omimi, n'ime 180-420 mita.

ahịhịa

Na Putoransky idobere ebe anụ ọhịa Russia ayarade ke kpukpru otuto, e nwere 398 elu osisi, aza ajụjụ maka 61% nke ngụkọta osisi nke ala dị larịị. Otu n'ime ha ọ bụ uru arịba ama na obere osisi dị ka poppy belovoloskovy, iheukwu ntupọ, Rhodiola rosea na ụwa-Asian. E nwekwara jupụtara ejupụta Putorana - yi poppy, marigold na mbubreyo oxytrope Putoransky n'etiti jupụtara ejupụta ugwu usoro Byrranga na Putoran - fescue ushkovataya na jupụtara ejupụta na Siberia n'ebe ugwu ọkọnọ Dandelion longhorned, oxytrope Taimyr na Sitnic ogologo-nosed.

Land anụmanụ

Putorana Reserve n'otu vertebrates apịtị, tundra, oké ọhịa na ọzọ na-ahụkarị ụmụ anụmanụ dị na ugwu. Plateau bụ ugwu ókè nke nkesa ọtụtụ ụdị, gụnyere Sable, lynx, squirrels nkịtị, elk, goshawk, ọhịa Lemmings, grouse, capercaillie nkume na ndị nkịtị, woodpeckers, gbochiri ikwiikwii ntị chiri na cuckoo, ọtụtụ ụdị passerine, Kulikova na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ.

Mpaghara a bụ n'ebe ugwu nke Central Siberia bụ isi nesting-acha ọcha-tailed ugo na ugo na udele. Iji ndịda-ọwụwa anyanwụ nke e ji mara nesting Little Curlew na n'etiti nke ala dị larịị Putorana ndụ ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi Putoransky bighorn atụrụ. Ọ bụ ebe obibi a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke anụ ọhịa bea, anụ ọhịa wolf na wolverines, na-egwu na obodo biocenoses a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ.

Pụrụ iche na pụtara ìhè nke ukwuu onu Putoransky ọhịa idobere na-atụle n'oge a kara Mbugharị nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke anụ ọhịa reindeer. Otu akụkụ dị mkpa nke migratory ụzọ gasị nke ebe bụ Putoransky ala dị larịị nke na-aga fọrọ nke nta dum bi Taimyr reindeer (banyere 450-480 puku ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu). Na ala dị larịị n'oge afọ ha banyere 5-6 ọnwa. Gafere kama warara ọnu n'etiti 100 na 150 kilomita, ya mere na ọ bụ omume na-ekwubi na e nwere a na-akpọ Mbugharị ọwa transmissive kwa afọ 220 ọtụtụ puku ọhịa reindeer.

Amphibians: Siberia salamander

Ọ bụ naanị anụmanụ na klas nke amphibians, adade ke Putoransky ala dị larịị. Ahụkarị ụdị dum Russian apịtị region, nkịtị na edere edere mpaghara oké ọhịa-tundra mpaghara, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ya n'ebe ugwu ala. Otú o sina Siberia salamander bụ nnọọ obere maka ugwu nke Krasnoyarsk Territory na a na-hụrụ naanị na elu esịmde nke osimiri Stony Tunguska na pine ọhịa.

Ke ufọt Putorana Reserve a amphibian umu chọpụtara na July 1982 na Lake Harpicha. Ya mere, bụrụ na nke na-achọta onwe ya Siberia salamander na ego nke anọ ahụ na etiti nke Putoransky ugwu n'ebe ịdị elu nke 481 mita na ọ bụ a dị nnọọ mkpa mmepe na-anọchi anya a otu mmasị na okwu nke zoogeography.

Jupụtara ejupụta na idobere - Putoransky bighorn aturu

Putorana Reserve bụ naanị region bi otu nke kasị ukwuu nta mara ụmụ anụmanụ na ụwa - Putoransky bighorn atụrụ, ma ọ bụ bighorn. O kwuru ebe a ka a iche iche subspecies, na a gụnyere ke Red Book nke Soviet Union, na ugbu a Russia. The ebe obibi - center ebe Putoransky n'ugwu, na mpaghara nke ọtụtụ narị kilomita site na nkesa region ọzọ subspecies snow atụrụ.

Waterworld Putorana

Na Putoransky idobere na mmiri nke osimiri na-achọta 36 umu nke azụ. Ọ na-e kwuru ebe a ọtụtụ jupụtara ejupụta umu, dị ka grayling, whitefish na Ịsaka azụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na e guru bụ ezughị, bụghị iji chọpụta ha taxonomic ọnọdụ. Ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ intraspecific forms kpamkpam enwekwu di iche iche nke azụ na nchekwa umu n'ógbè.

The isi na-echebe umu

The mammals kasị anya na-eche nche na-esonụ: Collared lemming, bighorn atụrụ, elk, ermine, caribou, musk-oke, Sable, lynx, aja aja bear. Nnụnụ - agụ nkwọ, nta na-acha ọcha, egbe ikwiikwii,-acha ọcha-tailed ugo, na bearded ikwiikwii, capercaillie nkịtị na nkume, nwa kreenu, goshawk, Swan obere.

Kasị na-echebe azu umu-anọchi anya Siberia grayling, whitefish, whitefish na Ịsaka Ussurijskim Arctic, na dị ka amphibians, na salamander na-echebe naanị Siberia.

Mee nke Krasnoyarsk Territory

All na Krasnoyarsk mpaghara nwere asaa agwa mee. Ministry of Natural Resources na Ọmụmụ ihe dị ndụ nke Russia kpebiri isonyere Krasnoyarsk mee e mere August afọ gara aga. Putoransky, Taimyr, Great Arctic Nature Reserve Krasnoyarsk Territory e jikọtara.

Taimyr mee nwere otutu njem nleta na-adọrọ mmasị. Ọ ọdọ mmiri, aṅụju, dị larịị nakwa n'ugwu abaitiat. N'agbanyeghị remoteness nke ebe nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọbịa na-mgbe niile na-eto eto. The management mee Taimyr mepụtara na-esonụ oru nke njem nleta mmụta: gburugburu ebe obibi, ihe omume, muta na ethno-njem.