The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Winter Obí na St. Petersburg

The ije nke Northern isi obodo nke Russia bụ replete na ụwa a ma ama aha. N'ebe a, anyị na-arụ ọrụ na ihu ọma nke ndị eze ukwu a ma ama ndị dị otú ahụ ogidi dị ka Rossi, Quarenghi, Rastrelli, Montferrand, Felten, Trezzini na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ka anyị kwuo banyere nketa nke oké-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke St. Petersburg, Onye Okike nke isi facade nke a magburu onwe ya obodo, kasị Obí Square na niile nke okike oge nke a na-akpọ tozuru okè Baroque na Russia. Nke a, n'ezie, banyere Winter. Ikpughe aha nke ya guzobere. Nke a-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Rastrelli. The Winter Obí bụghị naanị okpueze nke ọrụ nke ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, ma ihe owuwu ncheta nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ.

Early ọrụ

Winter Obí-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, a mụrụ na Paris na 1700, ebe nna-ya - ihe Italian ọkpụ - etinye mgbalị dị ukwuu iji hụ na-emepe emepe talent, ozugbo ha hụrụ nwa nwoke. Mgbe amụ na Paris, Rastrelli na 1716 na papa m kwagara Russia. Na mbụ, ọdịnihu-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Winter Obí na-arụ ọrụ dị ka otu nnyemaaka nna ya, ma na 1722, ọ malitere ya ọrụ na a ọhụrụ na achọkarị mba. Up ruo mgbe 30th afọ, ọ gara na Europe, tumadi Italy, Germany, France. Isi nzube nke ndị a na-eleta nwere ike na-akpọ ọzụzụ. N'oge a, ọ nakweere ọtụtụ ihe na European nna ukwu, na-etolite ha ọhụụ nke Baroque style, nke na-aghaghị iji gosi na ya onwe ya na mbụ akwụkwọ pụtara na 30s nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ.

mmalite nke oge

Future-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Winter Obí kere ọtụtụ osisi ụlọ ke Moscow na 1730 site na iji Anny Ioannovny, ẹkenịmde ke ebekpo ke oge. Obere oge mgbe akpụ akpụ site na oge ochie isi obodo nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu nke dị n'ebe ugwu isi obodo, na 1732, na-ewe ngo Rastrelli Winter Obí, bụ nke atọ, ma ọ bụghị ma onye ikpeazụ. Ke adianade do, na abụọ nke n'obí maka Biron mere mgbe oge a. Na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ ya maka Baroque ọzọ n'ụzọ doro anya guzobere mgbagwoju anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu oru n'otu oge nke ụbọchị.

Obí na Peterhof

The okooko nke talent Rastrelli-abịa mgbe a oge nke guzobere ike nke Eze Nwanyị Ukwu Elizabeth. Ọ natara iwu iwu ka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu oru nke mba dị mkpa. The ọrụ nke nna ukwu kpụrụ ihu nke Russian na ụwa ije. Okomoko imecha ihe atụ nke ike na akụ na ụba nke alaeze ukwu. Na saịtị nke ugbu nnukwu ụlọ Engineering etolite a ọhụrụ okpomọkụ n'obí nke mbụ na nwaanyị nke ala. Na oge site na 1746 ka 1755 afọ, ekele mgbalị nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, adahade ugbu a ma ama n'ụwa nile Grand Peterhof Obí. Na 1752 maka 1756 - dịkarịa ala maara nke ọma Obí Tsarskoye Selo. Ọ na-ahụ ruru mba ama na amara elu ala J.Randall.

Tsarskoye Selo Obí

Large, ma ọ bụ Catherine Obí, biri na Tsarskoye Selo - bụ n'ozuzu a iche iche mkparịta ụka. The ererimbot ama ulo ka na-ịrịba talent nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, na-ejide ya erection. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị ya kasị ama kere, duru nna ya ukwu ka okpueze nke ya dum ketara, n'ihi na ọ na-esochi ya bụ masterpiece e kere, nke ugbu a ụlọ otu n'ime ndị kasị baa ọgaranya ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ụwa - na Winter Obí na St. Petersburg. The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-etinye n'ime ya-ha nile nnukwu akwakọba n'oge ahụ ahụmahụ na a kacha nke talent, na-enye ụlọ, nke a ụbọchị na-adọta ọtụtụ nde ndị njem nleta na-ahụ.

The oyi Obí

N'ihi ya,-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Winter Obí were n'elu ya ewu ewu na 1754. N'oge a, nna ukwu, na afọ na ọ bụghị nanị na atap J.Randall nke ụwa nke na omenala na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma na-ama oge a satiated, ewu otu n'ime ndị kasị ama ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke a na-akpọ tozuru okè Baroque, nke, na mberede, ka abaghịzi ya ụbọchị. The ụlọ na-fọrọ nke nta aruzu site 1762. Nke a mgbagwoju bụ n'ezie ebube. Na okwu na ọ bụ nnukwu mechiri emechi n'ámá na jakị. The facade-anọ na-Obí Square - bụ a ọrụ nkà ya kasị elu pụta ìhè.

The ebube na onye eziokwu, emume oru nke ihe owuwu-apụghị mma pụta ìhè. O doro anya na nke a bụ ihe bụ mesiri ike bụ atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Winter Obí. Mgbe Peter 1, n'ihi na ihe atụ, a pretentiousness imecha E nyeghị ọ bụla anya, ma Elizabeth, nwa-ya nwayi, hụrụ n'anya okomoko, na na mgbe niile gbara ya gburugburu ya onwe ya, tinyere ije.

Na ihe niile a oyi. Ma ndị facade (na onye na-aga ka mkpọda, na onye na Obí Square) oké kwekọrọ na richness nke mma, okomoko, nsogbu àgwà Ọ na-kọrọ na Russian eze ukwu na-agba nkịtị na-kasị mma. Ọ bụ ya mere ruo ugbu a na Petersburg drained a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na-ahụ ndị a dị ebube exteriors na interiors site karịa narị afọ abụọ gara aga.

adịbeghị anya

Ọ ga-kwuru na gburugburu otu oge kere ihe dịkwa mkpa ncheta nke ije. Onye ama ama Smolny Cathedral e wuru na 1748-1764 afọ. Dị ka ị maara, Catherine, onye rịgooro ebekpo ke 1762, ọ dịghị amasị pretentiousness tozuru okè Baroque ije. Nke a na-agbụ na-emetụta ọnọdụ mfọn ndị ọchịchị nke Maestro. Na mbụ ọ dị nnọọ gbara arụkwaghịm, wee kpamkpam gara Switzerland, na bụghị na-eche maka ẹkụre ikpeazụ e kere ya - na Smolny Katidral. Rastrelli akpa ke 1771, dị ka ihe àmà nke otu - na Switzerland, na ndị ọzọ na - na Russian. Nke a na-ejighị n'aka na-agbakwụnye na ihe-omimi nke na-ama kpara ọrụ nke ama kere nke Imperial St. Petersburg facades na interiors.

Otú ọ dị, ya mere, kama ingloriously, o biri ya ụbọchị a ma ama-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Winter Obí, mgbe Pita malitere ukwu ya ọrụ, na mgbe Catherine dechara ya. Ma, ya e kere eke na ugbu a na mberede. Na, n'agbanyeghị ihe nile, aha nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Winter Obí nọgidere ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ otu nke kasị ukwuu.