The cylinder, cylinder ebe

Sịlịnda (ewepụtara Greek, si okwu "ala", "ala") - a geometric ahu nke e kọwaa site n'èzí n'elu akpọ cylindrical, na abụọ ụgbọ elu. Ndị a ụgbọ elu irutu n'elu udi na ndị yiri ka onye ọ bụla ọzọ.

A cylindrical elu - a n'elu na-enwetara translational ngagharị a ogologo akara ke oghere. A mmegharị ndị dị otú ahụ na-ahọrọ ebe nke ogologo akara na-eme ka ije tinyere usoro nke ewepụghị ụdị. Nke a ogologo akara a na-akpọ a generator, ma a usoro - ndu.

The cylinder mejupụtara a ụzọ ndọkwasi nile na mpụta cylindrical n'elu. Cylinders abịa dị iche iche:

1. okirikiri, ogologo cylinder. Na a isi nke cylinder na perpendicular na ndu akara generatrix, na nwere ihe axis nke symmetry.

2. The mmasị cylinder. Ọ n'akuku n'etiti amụba akara na ala bụghị n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ.

3. sịlịnda ụdị ụfọdụ. Hyperbolic, elliptic, parabolic, na ndị ọzọ.

The nke ebe cylinder, na ngụkọta elu uzo nke ọ bụla cylinder a hụrụ site na-agbakwụnye na ebe nke bases nke na ogugu ma na n'akụkụ elu uzo.

The usoro na wepụtara ngụkọta nke ebe cylinder maka a okirikiri, ogologo cylinder:

Sp = RH + 2n 2n 2n R2 = R (h + R).

Mpụta n'elu ebe a na-achọ bụ ubé mgbagwoju anya karịa dum nke ebe cylinder, ọ na-gbakọọ amụba ogologo nke-amụba akara na perimeta nke cross ngalaba kpụrụ a ụgbọelu nke bụ perpendicular na generatrix akara.

Nke a n'elu ebe ka a okirikiri cylinder, a nri cylinder ghọtara site Doppler nke ihe.

Iṅomi - a rektangulu nwere a elu h na a n'ogologo P, nke nhata isi perimeta.

Nke a pụtara na cylinder mpụta ebe bụ hà ịgụ isiokwu ebe ike gbakọọ a usoro:

SB = Ph.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-a okirikiri, ogologo cylinder, mgbe ahụ, maka ya:

P = 2n R, na SB = 2n RH.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị mmasị cylinder, n'ógbè nke n'akụkụ elu hara ka ngwaahịa nke ogologo nke ya generator edoghi na cross ngalaba nke perimeta nke bụ perpendicular a amụba akara.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, ọ dịghị mfe usoro maka ikwu na ebe mpụta elu nke mmasị cylinder site n'ịdị elu na kwa nke ya isi.

Gbakọọ ebe nke cylinder ngalaba, ị ga-mara ihe ole na ole eziokwu. Ọ bụrụ na obe na ngalaba nke ya ụgbọelu isi obe, obe-ngalaba bụ mgbe a rektangulu. Ma ndị a rectangles ga-adị iche, dabere na ngalaba na ọnọdụ. Otu akụkụ nke axial ngalaba nke na ọnụ ọgụgụ, nke bụ perpendicular isi hà elu, na ndị ọzọ na - na dayameta nke isi nke cylinder. A sectional ebe dị otú ahụ, karị, nhata ngwaahịa nke otu akụkụ nke rektangulu na nke ọzọ, perpendicular nke mbụ, ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke elu nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na dayameta nke ya isi.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị cross ngalaba bụ perpendicular isi ọnụ ọgụgụ, ma na-agaghị agabiga site na adiana axis, n'ógbè nke nkebi nke a ga-hà bụ ndị dị elu nke cylinder, na a na-aghọta ihe atụ. Iji nweta aghọta ihe atụ, ọ dị mkpa iji rụọ a gburugburu na ala nke cylinder okirikiri jide na-akpali ya, nke bụ a sectional ele. Na site na nke a na isi ihe ị chọrọ a perpendicular ka okirikiri si nrutu na gburugburu. The nrutu ihe na-ejikọrọ na center. A isi nke triangle - bụ ndị chọrọ aghọta ihe atụ, ogologo nke a na-achọ site na Pythagorean Theorem. The Pythagorean Theorem bụ: "Na nchikota nke n'ámá nke abụọ ụkwụ bụ hà hypotenuse há nhata":

C2 = A2 + B2.

Ọ bụrụ na ngalaba na-adịghị emetụta na isi nke cylinder na cylinder onwe ya, na a okirikiri akara, ebe nke a cross ngalaba na-hụrụ dị ka ebe nke gburugburu.

The ebe nke a gburugburu bụ hà:

S env. 2n = R2.

Iji chọta okirikiri nke gburugburu R, ọ dị mkpa ka ha kee ogologo nke C 2n:

R = C \ 2n, ebe n - pi, na mgbakọ na mwepụ mgbe nile gbakọọ maka data na circumferentially hà 3.14.