The octane nọmba nke mmanụ ụgbọala

Mmanụ ụgbọala - flammable mmiri mmiri na-adịghị agba, ma ọ bụ na a nta acha tinge (ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dịghị ihe pụrụ iche nwekwara). Iji melite arụ ọrụ Njirimara nke moto mmanụ ụgbọala eji na esịtidem combustion engines, na-emepụta na-agbalị ka iwelie octane nọmba nke mmanụ ụgbọala. Iji mee nke a, tinye kwekọrọ ekwekọ mmiri na ya. Ọ bụrụ na ndị combustion e ji mara audible ụda nke metal emepụta site na detonation efegharị efegharị n'ihi multiple echiche nke ya cylinder mgbidi ahụ, ndị moto arụmọrụ na-ebelata, Ọzọkwa, ọ na-accelerated na-eyi.

Na nke a anyị na-ekwu na ndị ogbenye mma mmanụ ụgbọala, dị ka octane nọmba bụ ala. Detonation engine mmanụ ụgbọala kwụsie ike, i.e. ike iguzogide onwe-mgbanye ruru mkpakọ na cylinders na engine ọrụ e ji mara nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ. Numerically ọ bụ olu nta nke isooctane (aha ọzọ: 2,2,4-trimethylpentane) na a abụọ-akụrụngwa ngwakọta nwere nwekwara n-heptane. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ngwakọta banyere ya antiknock n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ ule ọnọdụ na-arụpụta ihe mmetụta Ẹkot nyochaworo mmanụ ụgbọala.

Isooctane - branched yinye jupụta hydrocarbon C8H18. Ọ bụ ekele ya Njirimara, ọ bụ ike oxidize ọbụna na elu mkpakọ ruru, n'ihi ya, ọ na-conventionally nabatara aka a kụrụ na-eguzogide nke 100 nkeji. N-heptane na moto na-akpa àgwà dị iche iche: ọbụna na ala mkpakọ oke na-esonyere a usoro nke combustion detonation mmetụta, Otú ọ dị, a na ọnụego na-iwere dị ka 0 nkeji maka ya. N'ọnọdụ ndị ahụ ebe mmanụ ụgbọala octane nọmba n'elu 100, maka nwale nke ya quality ọnụ ọgụgụ etinyere nhazi mixtures-ya nile, agaghi asu isi akụrụngwa - isooctane - tetraethyl kwukwara iche iche Dosages.

Ya mere, ọ nwere ike rụrụ ụka na a ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị dị ịrịba ama mma nke moto mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọ na-egosi otú ihe petrol bụ eguzogide detonation, nke ahụ bụ a random ọku na engine cylinders. mmanụ ụgbọala gbawara puru nke esịtidem combustion engine ga-abụ ihe kasị otụk ma ọ bụrụ na a na ọnụego dị elu. Ọ bụrụ na ndị octane nọmba nke mmanụ ụgbọala kwekọrọ nkeji 95, ọ detonates ngwakọta esịnede 95% 2,2,4-trimethylpentane na 5% nkịtị heptane. Mgbe isi ọgwụgwọ maka mmanụ ngwaahịa a na-akpọ naphtha, a ji mara uru adịkarịghị karịa 70 nkeji. Ya mere, iji melite ogo nke ala ọkwa mmanụ ụgbọala na-eji ọ bụghị nanị na njọ (agwakọta elu-octane ngwaahịa), kamakwa antidetonators ndinọ ke ichekwa ruo 0.3%.

Mmanụ ụgbọala quality adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na mejupụtara nke minerals, site na nke ọ na-enwetara site fractionation ma ọ bụ esi, - mmanụ. Ọ dị mkpa ka ihe ndị dị ka ndị viscosity, na fractional mejupụtara, ọnụnọ nke sọlfọ ogige ma paraffins, na ọdịnaya nke mmiri na salts etisasịwo nime ya. Otú ọ dị, ihe ndị a na-eleghị anya na-emetụta nhazi e ji mara na oke nke technology. Ogo nke mmanụ ụgbọala, i.e. ya octane nọmba uru, na-ekpebi hydrocarbon mejupụtara nke mmanụ, na mgbe ahụ na usoro maka ya nhazi, nke na-adaberekwa na ole mmanụ ụgbọala bụ isooctane, n-heptane, aromatic ogige, na otú pụta.

Mma antiknock Njirimara nke mmanụ ụgbọala nime ya aromatics. The elu ọdịnaya nke benzene, bụ isi na-emetụta nke ala nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka isi iyi nke benzopyrene (a carcinogen). Elu etoju nke elu esi aromatics akwalite soot guzobere na combustion ulo na engine valves. All a agbazee arụmọrụ egosi ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka engine arụmọrụ, arụmọrụ, gburugburu ebe obibi na aku na uba akụkụ nke ya ọrụ. Kporo ntụ guzobere combustion ulo-akpata ụgbọala nwe họrọ engine mmanụ ụgbọala nke na octane nọmba nke mmanụ ụgbọala bụ nnukwu. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ike na-ukwu belata ma ọ bụ ndị engine na-agba ọsọ na a detonation.