Turing igwe: na mmalite nke na kọmputa sayensị na Cryptography

Turing igwe aghọwo a magburu mepụtara, kpọpụrụ na oge nke ozi technology, na-atụ anya ije nke oge a na sistemụ kọmputa. Ama British mgbakọ na mwepụ Alan Turing na nchịkọta na-erughị iri afọ anọ jisiri uche mmepụta onye nkịtị usoro address otu n'ime isi nsogbu nke mgbakọ na mwepụ, nke formulated ama German Prọfesọ David Hilbert na International Mathematics Congress ẹkenịmde ke 1900 ke Paris.

Turing igwe ọ bụghị nanị na-aghọ a doro anya nzaghachi a kpọmkwem Mgbakọ ọrụ, ma na-bụ ndị n'ọnụ ndabere maka algọridim na nkà mmụta sayensị na software isi. Ke adianade do, ụkpụrụ nke idozi mgbagwoju mgbakọ na mwepụ nsogbu site emebe iche iche nkịtị usoro na-ewu ụlọ nke algọridim gburu site na kọmputa ngwaọrụ, kpụrụ ihe ndabere maka ọmụmụ nke a ọhụrụ nọ nke ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi ọrụ - ozi teknụzụ.

Turing igwe na-nyere na-adịghị agwụ agwụ belt, kewara n'ime mkpụrụ ndụ, onye ọ bụla nke nwere ihe nnọchianya nke ofu oke set. The collection of niile akara na-akpọ mkpụrụ akwụkwọ nke igwe. Otu n'ime ihe ịrịba ama nke a na ụdị nke mkpụrụ akwụkwọ guzo na a na-akpọ "ọdịiche". Turing igwe na-agbanwe ọdịnaya nke mkpụrụ ndụ na a pụrụ iche ịgụ na ide isi na-akpụ akpụ ndị na teepu. Ịnweta ozi site na isi nke ọdịnaya ọ bụla cell, ngwaọrụ onwe ya kpebie, dabere na ya esịtidem ala, a agwa dere na cell na ebe-akpali ndị isi mgbe a na ime. Ebe esịtidem ala (ebe nchekwa) nke igwe, ji a ụfọdụ uru site efu ka ụfọdụ kacha uru, na-enwe a mgbanwe.

A Turing igwe bụ ndokwa nnọọ mfe, ma ọ na-enye gị ohere ịrụ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla omume, wuru na a doro anya algọridim. N'ihi ogbugbu nke ndị dị iche iche mgbakọ arụmọrụ e a pụrụ iche table, nke e dere iwu ụfọdụ, nke bụ a set nke eluigwe na ala ntuziaka maka igwe. Mgbe nke a na tebụl, nke a na-ofu usoro maka a akpan akpan Nchikota dị iche iche na-ekwu na akara, na-ngwa-ekpebi ihe mgbakọ ọrụ na-rụrụ na n'ọnọdụ nke ọ bụla. N'ezie, na eluigwe na ala Turing igwe bụ nke mbụ prototype nke oge a na kọmputa.

Zie ezie mepụtara nke Alan Turing e ji mee nke ọma site British cryptanalytic Bureau n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-agbaji German nzuzo Koodu. Ọtụtụ mgbe nyopụta nzuzo ozi submarines Doenitz vultures dina Churchill si oche tupu ọdịda n'ime Reich Chancellery. N'ụzọ dị iche na German cryptographers, eme kpere kensinammuo obibia ma kọọrọ Cryptography dị ka nkà, a Usoro nke Alan Turing gụnyere algorithmic ngwọta akakan nsogbu nke chọpụtachaa ihe e deburu nzuzo Koodu, nke bụ akakamade irè karị.

Non-deterministic Turing igwe ka o kwe omume ka mbanye onye iro ciphers bụghị naanị a amamiihe cryptographers, ma nkịtị ọrụ Office, na-eme kensinammuo omume zubere uduak ije na ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Enwetara site na a Turing igwe data ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu na-emetụta ya pụta nke Agha nke Britain.