Vladimir Kremlin: akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkọwa

Vladimir Kremlin - a pụrụ iche e wusiri ike. Ndị a dị na bụla isi obodo nke oge ochie Russia. Ná mmalite, ha na-akpọ citadel. The akụkụ nke mmezi ewusiri ike ramparts mbụ osisi, nkume e mesịrị malite iwu. Ọ na-e onwem na battlements na elu. Na oge ochie rus 'ebe e wusiri ike bụ a mkpa iji mmezi atụle a obodo.

Location Kremlin Vladimir

Vladimir Kremlin mbụ biri na obi nke obodo. Na ọ ga-hụrụ taa na ugwu. O yiri ka a ga-towering n'elu-eru site na obodo Klyazma. N'ozuzu kwuru na dị ka Christmas obibi ndị mọnk.

Na Middle Ages na Vladimir Kremlin emi odude na ókè-ala Pechernego obodo. Si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ya n'ókèala adjoined okporo mmiri na ékpè ya. Na ugwu nke Kremlin wee a oge a na n'okporo ámá Bolshaya Moskovskaya, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Kremlin nanị Nicholas Church na ulo-ìbà. Taa, a na Ọdịdị-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa site n'ịkọwapụta a silhouette nke obodo. Ọ na-enye a oké ele nke ala floodplain.

History Kremlin

Dị ka dị na omenala, ebe obibi ndị mọnk, nke jere ozi dị ka ihe ndabere maka guzobe nke Vladimir Kremlin, pụtara na 1175. Ya tọrọ Bogolyubskii obodo Prince Andrew, bụ onye a ma ama maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na ya Vladimir-Suzdal ihe gbasara onye isi mere ka ịrịba ama na uru n'elu ya agbata obi, o mesịkwara ghọọ onye nke emmepe nke Russian ala.

Na 1192 ama ọhụrụ isi aha ya bụ Vsevolod, bụ onye na utu aha Big akwu, tọrọ ntọala na ebe ndị a a nkume ọcha katidral. Nke a anọ na-aba Ọdịdị wuru na nnabata na niile omenala nke Vladimir-Suzdal ije na-ukwuu mepụtara na njedebe nke XII narị afọ. Iji ugbu a Katidral, n'ụzọ dị mwute, ọ bụghị ọbọhọ.

Na 1219, ndị ukwu nmeju nke temple, ọ bụ ezie na n'oge ahụ, ọ ka nọ na-adịghị agwụ agwụ ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ. Na 1230 ọ na-emeghe Archimandrite, ka oge na ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị isi Christian monasteries na dum nke North-East of Russia. Ọ bụ ebe a na 1263 hụrụ ikpeazụ izu ike ebe Aleksandr Nevsky.

N'ihi ya, ọrụ nke mbụ ebe obibi ndị mọnk na Vladimir (nke e mesịrị Moscow) gafere na Rozhen Obibi. Na nke a ike, o kere ruo 1561, mgbe asọpụrụ aha mechaa ka Atọ n'Ime Otu-Sergius Lavra.

Nkume-ewu ewu na ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-ọhụrụ na na Asaa na narị afọ. Na 1654, ndị mgbịrịgba elu-egosi dị ka a ebube ogidi na asatọ mejupụtara. Na 1659 ha wuru a cell. Otu ihe dị mkpa nzọụkwụ ya mmepe convent mere, mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka a Rector na Archimandrite Vincent. N'oge a, anyị na-wuru nkume ulo nile, nakwa dị ka fraternal ahu.

Ná ngwụsị nke narị afọ a, e nwere Ámá Church of Ọmụmụ Kraịst, nke bụ kpọmkwem n'akụkụ ka ogige nke refectory.

The adịbeghị anya mere eme nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk

The ihe ncheta nke Aleksandra Nevskogo e zigara si Vladimir ka Alexander Nevsky Lavra mgbe Peter I. Na otu oge, ọtụtụ ndị n'ókèala ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-ewusiri ike na nkume mgbidi na elu. Ebe ọ bụ na 1744 na-arụ ọrụ ebe a bishop ulo na Vladimir diocese. Na 1748, bishọp na-ewu a nkume ụlọ.

Ugbua na XIX narị afọ facades n'ụzọ wughachi, ime nke mkpụrụ ndụ gbanwere. The ọzọ ogbo na mgbanwe nke Vladimir Kremlin, onye foto bụ n'isiokwu a, a na-ejikọta ya na nke oge nke ọchịchị Russia, Alexander II. Ọ na-ahụ malitere ọzọ ntaghari ohuru na mweghachi nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk na katidral na ya. Na 1859, ndị fraternal ahụ rụrụ site nkume outbuilding. The ime na ndozi nke ahụ ịdị iche iche budata.

State-ekesịpde cell wughachiri, overhauled na 1867 gbanwere ụzọ ámá chọọchị ahụ na refectory. N'otu oge ahụ ọ gbanwere ihe ndozi episcopal-ulo.

N'okpuru Soviet na-achị,

Na Soviet ụfọdụ, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Vladimir Kremlin, photos nke nke na-dị n'isiokwu a, agbanweela ịrịba mgbanwe. Na 1930, na iwu ndị ọchịchị obodo ga-agbaji mgbịrịgba elu na katidral. Mgbe e mesịrị, ebe obibi ndị mọnk ụlọ ugboro ugboro rụziri, na mgbagwoju e wuru a ole na ole ụlọ. Kasị nke ndụ ụlọ na-mere nke brick, techie na-ese.

Christmas mọnk onwe ya bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'ihi na obodo ihe. Ọnụ na gburugburu ụlọ ya Nleta a pụrụ iche skyline oké akụkọ ihe mere eme pụtara. Iji nwere anwụghị residential na Civic ụlọ ke Baroque style. N'agbanyeghị ịrịba losses, ebe obibi ndị mọnk na taa na-egosi na anyị na n'oge ochie-style ụlọ na free atụmatụ.

na Kremlin

The ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble nke Vladimir Kremlin a kọwara n'isiokwu a, na-erukwa site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ya udi yiri a trapezoid. Ọwụwa anyanwụ na-adọrọ mmasị na olùlù na ndịda ugwu dị nta. Site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na e nwere mkpụrụ ndụ nke Christmas obibi ndị mọnk.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ekpebi ileta Vladimir Kremlin, nkiri maka nyochaa ga-ezu. E wezụga ama kwuru Cathedral nke Ọmụmụ nke Virgin, ọ bụkwa a mgbịrịgba elu, nke bụ nke ndị chọọchị Aleksandra Nevskogo.

The ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju agụnye Gate Church of St. Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo, nakwa dị ka uka Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Ọbịa nwere ike na-na mkpụbelata Church of Ọmụmụ Kraịst, Ámá Church of St. Ioanna Predtechi, ala-ekesịpde cell, rue-uzọ-ama, n'ebe obibi ndị mọnk ụlọ, na Memorial Cross, na bishop naanị ahụ, anya na elu na mgbidi.

Assumption Cathedral

E nwekwara Vladimir Kremlin (kremlin akụkọ ihe mere eme na-kọwara n'ụzọ zuru ezu na isiokwu a) bụ mwere Katidral. Ọ na-pụtara n'oge ọchịchị Prince Vladimir Andreya Bogolyubskogo.

Religious ụlọ a na-wuru nke nkume ọcha, nke na-kpọmkwem mere ka ndị na-ewu na saịtị nke Volga Bulgaria. Wuo ya malitere na 1158. Ma na 1185-m, na ọzọ na-ahụkarị uko ụlọ, e nwere a isi ọkụ nke bibiri ihe ka ukwuu n'ihe esesịn e mere. Site na oge, chọọchị ahụ nwere naanị otu isi, ma n'otu elu ya bụ budata n'ọkwá ka nke St. Sophia Katidral ke Kiev, na ọbụna Novgorod.

Wee ike , Prince Vsevolod na Big akwu Assumption Cathedral kwukwara abụọ isi anọ. Ọ gbanwere na 1408, mgbe agba ya frescoes na akara ngosi nke Andrei Rublev onwe ya bịarutere. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na frescoes ẹnịm ta. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike izute ndị njem na-ikpebi ka ha gaa taa Vladimir Hall nke Kremlin.

"New" na "vetchany" obodo

Western akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Vladimir a na-akpọ "ihe ọhụrụ" obodo. Ọbụna n'oge ochie ya gbara ya gburugburu site na isi e wusiri ike. Maka nchebe megide ndị iro ha onwem akụ dị 9 mita elu. Ha gbuturu osisi mgbidi nke ebe e wusiri ike. Ná mmalite, a na akụkụ nke obodo oge ochie ụzọ ámá ụlọ elu dị anọ, atọ bụ ndị e wuru dị ka osisi.

"Vetchany" ma ọ bụ "ochie", obodo dị na ọwụwa anyanwụ nke oge ochie Vladimir. Emi odude ebe a Posad. Nke a na ebe, emi odude n'èzí Kremlin, Vladimir, onye mere eme maara ọtụtụ mwakpo. Ya mere, detachment, bụ onye na mgbidi nke Kremlin, mgbe nile nwere iji chebe obodo.

Na ụbọchị nke onyeisi Andreya Bogolyubskogo nke akụkụ a nke obodo ahụ na-echebe site osisi mgbidi na osisi. Ozugbo a ka nwere ụfọdụ nkume ọcha ọnụ ụzọ ámá, nke na-mma mara dị ka Silver. Otú ọ dị, na osisi mgbidi budata rekasịrịla karịrị oge. Ọ bụ n'ihi na nke a ọwụwa anyanwụ nke obodo a na-akpọ "vetchany". Nke a na okwu na oge a na uche Ẹkot "ochie."

Na 1157, Vladimir bụ otu n'ime ndị isi obodo nke Russia. The eziokwu na Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii were aha Grand Duke. Ọ e kenyere ya, mgbe ọ nwere, na mgbakwunye na Vladimir, Suzdal ka nwere na ibu, nakwa dị ka Moore na Kiev. Ọzọkwa echefula na na Smolensk, Ryazan na Novgorod, ọ nọgidere ya nọchiri anya eze. Dị otú ahụ autocracy mere oké dissatisfaction n'etiti boyars, bụ onye gbalịrị iguzogide mmetụta nke zuru Bogolyubsky.

Na-atụ egwu ọgba aghara, Andrew wee malite iji kwadebe a wusiri ike iji chebe onwe Ọdịdị na Vladimir mpaghara. Ọ mkpa ngwa ngwa a na-na-echebe ulo. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na anyị maara na ụlọ elu na elu na mgbidi ya mere ịzọpụta.

Na 1174, ọ na-adụ Ndị ọnwụ site ya ma ama n'ime obodo Bogolyubovo.

Tatar mbuso agha

Vladimir Kremlin, onye address anyị na nrida, 70, ahụhụ a oké njọ mbuso agha nke Tatar-Mongol. Ezie na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke obodo, nke bụ isiokwu nke isiokwu a, ọ na-e kpọrọ ọtụtụ ndị ghara ikwe site Batu Khan. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ obodo na ahụhụ si na mbuso agha nke Tatar-Mongol. Na 1238, ọtụtụ mwakpo ndị agha mara ụlọikwuu na nso mgbidi nke obodo. Defense edu umu Vsevolodovich, aha ya bụ Vsevolod na Mstislav.

Ha chọrọ ịlụ agha ndị iro, ma agha na gbachiteere obodo bụ oke obere. Kasị nke Russian agha wee na osimiri Sit, ebe nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ collection of Russian agha a mara ọkwa. N'ihi nke a, ndị obodo gọvanọ Peter Oslyadyukovich, onye ndú nke ndị na-azara ọnụ nke Vladimir, kpebiri na-agbachitere si akụ.

The Tartars emeghị ozugbo kpebiri ọgụ nke ọma e wusiri ike Vladimir Kremlin. Ha chere. Batu maa ụlọikwuu n'ihu Golden Gate. Jisiri akwakọrọ Suzdal na Vladimir emeghị ọgụ niile.

Na nke a, na Tatars nọ na-agbalị ise emegide n'ime oghe see. N'ihi na nke a, ha ọbụna gbuo nwa-isi Vladimir Yuryevich, bụ onye na-n'agha na Agha nke Moscow. Dịcha, mgbe Mstislav, Vsevolod malite agbalị ọbọ nwanne ya.

obodo Sturm

Na February, ndị Tatars malitere a oke bombardment nke Vladimir Kremlin. Ha na-eji nnọchibido ngwá agha. agbachitere nke obodo, ọbụna gbalịrị-atọgbọ. Ma nwa Vsevolod, bụ ndị hapụrụ ya na a onyinye na-eme udo, e gburu na iwu nke Batu.

The bombardment nke mgbidi nke Vladimir Kremlin dara. Otú ọ dị, na-agbachitere na-enwe ike ịnọgide na-agbachitere na ókèala ndị New Town. N'echi wakpo ugboro ugboro. Amachibido na-ahapụ nanị Golden Gate. Nnukwu ngalaba nke mgbidi nso n'ebe ndịda ụzọ ámá e bibiri.

Tatar-Mongol merie ọwa tiwe obodo n'otu oge si dị iche iche akụkụ. Site ehihie ọ akpatre weghaara.

Vladimir na iju

Mgbe e meriri ndị Tatar-Mongol mkpa nke obodo ahụ dị ka a ike akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị center adawo ịrịba. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-chie-atụle otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi Russian obodo. N'ihi ya, na 1299, ọ bụ ebe a na-chọpụtara obi nke Russian metropolitans.

N'ikpeazụ tụfuru ya geopolitical mkpa nke obodo dị na XIV narị afọ. Palm kwagara Moscow. Nwughari nke Vladimir na ya Kremlin naanị malitere n'oge ọchịchị Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The obodo malitere ịrụzi wusiri ike, nke bịara na a pụrụ iche na-adakpọ.

Na XVIII narị afọ

Vladimir Kremlin, akụkọ ihe mere eme na nkọwa nke na-e kwuru n'isiokwu a, na XVIII narị afọ, keere a dị ịrịba ama ọrụ na omenala nke obodo. Ezie na iwu nke Peter m guzobere na Moscow Province. Vladimir e ekewet ya dị ka otu n'ime n'ógbè obodo.

Na nke a, n'ihi na mba dị ka a dum obodo na-esiwanye adịkwa ya mkpa. Nke a bụ karịsịa mgbe Aleksandra Nevskogo onwunwe e gaa St. Petersburg ike ikike nke isi obodo ọhụrụ. Mgbe na n'ọkwá dị elu, na niile malitere ime adịkarịghị ke Vladimir.

Ma Kremlin nọgidere n'omume. Ọtụtụ n'ime ya na-fọrọ nke nta ebibi.