Zu-23-2: àgwà, oru nkọwa, foto

N'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya nke 1941-1945, anyị agha na-eche abụọ nzukọ ọnọdụ: ihe fọrọ nke nta ngụkọta enweghị arọ igwe egbe na-emegide ugbo elu nrụnye. Ọ dịghị, airfields echebe ha bụ, ma na-echebe ndị agha kọlụm na-eme njem bụ mgbe nanị ihe ọ bụla. N'ihi - ogologo, fọrọ nke nta afọ atọ na-achị nke Nazi ụgbọelu na ikuku na nnukwu weere na ngwá na manpower.

Ọ bụ ya mere post-agha afọ mmepe nke-emegide ugbo elu ogbunigwe a tụbara ndị kasị mma na nkà mmụta sayensị na teknuzu pesonel nke USSR. The N'ihi nke ọrụ ha, gụnyere, ghọrọ -emegide ugbo elu egbe zu-23-2, nke pụtara dị ka a n'ihi nke modernization nke a dị mfe na ebe nchekwa-23. Burugodị ọ pụtara ihe karịrị afọ 50, na ya n'ihu ya mmepe, nke e nwere bụ a ejima (egbe na agha) zu-30, doo anya nnọọ ihe ịga nke ọma echiche.

Olee otú ọ na-abịa site?

Ya mere, mgbe ndị Great Ịhụ Mba n'Anya ụwa dum nke na-emegide ugbo elu na ngwá agha agbanweela a zuru overhaul na nhazigharị. Ozugbo, e kwetara na 25 mm egbe, ruru ha oké ibu, na-adabara naanị maka nsoro. Arụmọrụ-ewu ewu n'oge ahụ, 37-mm caliber bụ ezughị na-ebu kpọmkwem "terrestrial" nsogbu.

Ma n'otu oge, ndị agha ngwa ngwa choro obere-caliber akpaka egbe ala na ihe nlereanya nke ndị n'oge agha na-arụnyere na fighter ụgbọ elu. N'ezie, dị ka ihe ndabere ka oge na e weere kpara ngwá agha nke IL-2. Rịba ama na e nwere ugbu a ọtụtụ puku antiaircraft zu-23-2 nkeji na 20mm analogues ghọrọ bụghị obere maara nke ọma karịa ya anya egbe ala "nna nna."

Ugbua na 1955 ngo nke-emegide ugbo elu 23-mm 2A14 akpaka ẹkenam. Engineers nyere na abụọ configurations: otu na sọrọ. Ikpeazụ nweburu elu mkpa, ma si otú ahụ na atọ variants. All umu nwere naanị a ntuziaka version nke mbanye, onwem na a ọkọlọtọ-emegide ugbo elu n'anya zap-23.

The Commission kpebiri na ihe nlereanya zu-14 kacha mma na-ezukọ na chọrọ nke ndị agha. Ọ bụ ya 1959 "ụgbọala" site niile nkebi nke ule nke jikọtara ogwe aka nke na ọtụtụ agha distrikti. Ọ nabatara n'ime ọrụ na 1960, na-enye aha nke zu-23. Jikọrọ na mmepụta osisi nọmba 535. Ọ ga-kwuru na aka iso mwepụ nke niile mata erughị eru na "nwata ọrịa" O were afọ 10, na mgbe ahụ wee ìhè echichi zu-23-2.

Design atụmatụ

Automatic a kwadoro site na ike nke ntụ ntụ, haruru ekenyela. Ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke nkpirikpi ụdị kpochidoro gbọmgbọm site ya abutment "outgrowth" na recesses nke erite. Ihe ịga nke ọma haziri nke ogwe mounts na-enye ohere ya nnọchi na a ọgụ ọnọdụ na dị nnọọ 15-20 sekọnd. Ọzọkwa nnọọ nke ọma bụ draịva kwụ na vetikal aiming, onwem na spring cushioning ngwaọrụ.

The ọrụ na-emefu obere oge ezi uzo nduzi. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-nkọwa nke zu-23-2, nke na-eduga na ukara emeputa ndị a na usoro, na n'ebe ahụ ka ị pụrụ ịhụ ozi na-azụ ngụkọta oge nwere ike ime eme na-aga nduzi naanị 5-15 sekọnd. O nyere were nke n'ibu n'aka mgbazi! Ke edinam na mkpofu nke ndi-agha ka kwalite zu-30M na opto-electronic usoro, nnweta na nsuso nke ihe na-rụrụ fọrọ nke nta ozugbo.

Na-abụghị akụkụ nke ogwe nwere ike bufee na atọ nanị sekọnd! The mgbọ ọkọnọ - belt ụdị. Metal teepu a na-eji, ọkọlọtọ size - 50 cartridges, nke na-stacked na a metal igbe, enye gị ohere ngwa ngwa mepụta recharging ngwaọrụ. Onye ọ bụla igbe na rịbọn cartridges, ma dịrị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka 35,5 n'arọ. Platform echichi - bọl, onwem na atọ jackscrews. Na enyemaka ha, zu-23-2 na ntukwasi-obi ekekọtara na firing ọnọdụ.

The n'elu ikpo okwu na-nyere na a towing lug. Na stowed ọnọdụ ọnọdụ na-anọchi na ụkwụ abụọ nke GAZ-69. E nwere a torsion mmanya nkwusioru, nke na-eje ozi na-ebelata ohere nke mmebi nke ngwá n'oge iga n'elu ike ike teren. Nke a eziokwu dị mkpa, dị ka ebe nke ufiop clashes ọzọ ma ọ bụ na-erughị nkịtị ụzọ ịnọgide nnọọ obere.

Nduzi, agbapụ na ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ

Aiming zu-23-2 na rụrụ site na iji na-ama kwuru n'elu zap-23 ọsọ. The ugbu a nso ka lekwasịrị nwere ike webata a nso nke ruo 3,000 mita. Nke a na esetịpụ 00 na N'ezie direction na ala na-agba nke ihe sochiri ruo 300 m / s. The anya na-enye ohere zuru oke na etinye chọrọ tupu emption, nke nwere mmetụta bara uru na ihe gbasara nke puru mbibi nke ugbo elu jụrụ.

Mgbe firing na ala zaa otu nwere ike emeziri na a anya nke ruo 2000 mita. Ụfọdụ (ibuo ngụkọta oge) nso nwere ike kpebisie "site n'aka", ma nke a na-enwekarị mmasị iji stereodalnomera. All ọzọ data na ọrụ abatakwa anya. Mkpa karịsịa bụ na nkuku nke lekwasịrị na ya azimuth. N'ihi nke a, zu-23-2 (TTX ya anyị na-ewetara ke ibuotikọ) bụ nnọọ "achọ" ya na-a zụrụ nke ọma ngụkọta oge.

A atụmatụ a flak bụ eziokwu na ndị na-sighting usoro imewe zap-23 na-abịa Sight maka ala zaa T-3. Rịba ama na ọ nwere otu nọọrọ onwe ha akara nke n'anya.

Uru nke-emegide ugbo elu

Oddly ezu, ma na-emegide ugbo elu egbe zu-23-2 bụ ma ama na-n'ihi na ya "ikuku" talent, ma ọ bụ a n'elu ngwa. All obodo esemokwu nke na-adịbeghị anya gosiri na nke a na ngwá ọrụ bụ ezigbo ka a isi n'aka motorized égbè ọnụ ujo ka ihe ọ bụla ọzọ kwesịrị ekwesị ha nanị na-adịghị. Firstly, ZSU nwere ike n'otu ntabi deployed na gbapụ ọnọdụ. Nke abuo, o nwere ike inyere dị ka nwere ike n'otu ntabi igbochi niile ụdị zaa odude nsannsan a kpọmkwem shot (a kilometa).

Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọ dị mkpa ka ndị dị otú ahụ na ojiji nke zu-23-2 n'akparamagwa collisions na oge ufodu ndi nāpunara madu formations nke onye iro, ya bụ, na N'ezie nke counter-eyi ọha egwu arụmọrụ. Ewoo, ha na-na n'oge gara aga afọ 20 na ezigbo "ejiji na-emekarị."

Ọzọ "na-egosi ihe" na-ewu

Great uru nke a na ntọlite bụ eziokwu na ọ dịghị achọ ka tupu engineering ọzụzụ ọnọdụ. Ọ suffices naanị ọzọ ma ọ bụ na-erughị ewepụghị elu. Ebe a na ọ ga-sonye na akaụntụ ekwe omume nke ịghasa jacks, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na nchepụta ọbụna 30 degrees ghọọ ezigbo ụgbọelu. Nke a bụ bara uru karịsịa na Afghanistan na Bosnia, Chechnya, ebe 23-mm-emegide ugbo elu egbe zu-23-2 e ji ugwu.

Ọ na-kweere na a-arụ ọrụ coherent echichi pụrụ iduga n'ime firing ọnọdụ maka naanị 15-20 sekọnd. Si na-azọ ije ọgụ - maka 35-40 sekọnd. Na omume ya a pụtara na, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ebe nchekwa-23-2 nwere ike ọkụ na-aga n'ihu, mgbe ke stowed ọnọdụ. N'ezie, ziri ezi na nkenke n'otu oge pụrụ isi nnọọ ike na-akpọ na-eju afọ, ma ọ ga-dabara maka mmezi agha.

Iche iche chọrọ ikwu banyere ndị mara mma mwube nke agagharị. Na ikpu ọ nwere ike ọ bụla ndị agha ụgbọala, ebe ọ bụ na ọbụna a n'ụzọ zuru ezu weaponized ebe nchekwa uka bụ ọtụtụ ihe na-erughị otu tonne. On ụzọ meghere ajụjụ ọsọ ike ike ruo 70 km / h, na n'okporo ụzọ - 20 km / h. Ya mere zu-23-2, a oru nkọwa nke nke anyị na-ewetara - a obere "cross-mba"-emegide ugbo elu egbe.

A nnọọ mkpa uru bụ na-kasị elu maintainability. Na-ewu na-eji nanị ndị mfe ọtụtụ nkịtị ọkwa nke ígwè, ka ọ di ike nwere ike haziri na bụla enterprise nwere dịkarịa ala ndị kasị oge ochie ngwá ọrụ na ndị ọzọ na ngwá.

Mgbọ, cartridges feature

Ọkọlọtọ mgbọ zu-23-2 mejupụtara 23-mm mgbọ. Projectiles eji abụọ na ụdị - BZT na OFZT (BFL). The mbụ - ihe-agha-Idupu incendiary tracer. Ọ rụrụ na-ahụ dum warhead, onye uka bụ 190, na ala akụkụ nwere ụgwọ n'ịkpọ, golovnaya- incendiary mejupụtara. OFZ, ie elu-agbawa agbawa ebubo bụ isi nke uka nke 188,5 g Tupu 90s zu-23-2 (technical nkọwa nke echichi na-e gosiri na isiokwu) esiwak eji ụdị mgbọ.

Fusing ma were V19UK ika (na mbụ na nsụgharị - mg-25). Ya pụrụ iche mma bụ ọnụnọ nke onwe-egbu egbu, n'oge ya njem - 11 sekọnd. N'agbanyeghị nke ika nke projectile, dị ka propellant eji 77 grams nke ntụ ntụ ọkwa 5/7 TSFL. Rịba ama na karịsịa maka ihe e kere eke nke mgbọ data, ọtụtụ mba na nkà mmụta sayensị Research Institute aku e kere eke nke ọhụrụ ụdị propellants, nke ga-kasị elu oriri ike na ọnụego nke combustion.

Ballistic e ji mara mgbọ

Total katrij ibu (n'agbanyeghị ika) 450 Property, osisi na ballistic arụmọrụ nwekwara otu. The mbụ ike ọsọ nke 980 m / s, na kacha elu ( "n'uko") - 1500 m, karịa na-ekwe nkwa nso nke meriri - ruo 2000 m. Note: n'oge ụdị OFZ shells na-eji nnọọ adịkarịghị, n'ihi na ha na-alụ ọgụ ike nke oge a chọrọ anaghị aza.

Agbanyeghị, a otutu nnyocha zu-23-2 (e ji mara ya, anyị na-ama tụlere) akwụ n'oge abụọ Chechen mkpọsa: ya tụgharịa na OFZ shells dị nnọọ ka ogbonye ruru eru maka ojiji na obodo mepere emepe gburugburu, dị ka ha nwere a ogbenye ike puncturing.

A, teepu na burugodị site edebeghi iwu: anọ shei OFZT otu BZT. Na ọzọ. Mg-25 Blaster, bụ ndị nwere ọtụtụ-adịghị emezi emezi, ugbu a n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-anọchi a B-19UK. Ihe mere nke a bụ ndị dị mfe. Firstly, ya uche na oké elu bụ kpam kpam analogous na nke ndị gara aga nlereanya, ma fuuz anaghị igbasu na kọntaktị shei na raindrops. Nke abuo, o nwere ọtụtụ mma mmiri nchebe.

ọgụ ngwa

N'ihi na oge mbụ na ojiji nke mmeri zu-23-2 mere n'oge Afghan mkpọsa. Ha, ruru ha ala uka, compactness, ala nke ụgbọ njem na knockdown bu ezigbo maka ekpuchi nta dị iche iche flue mojaheds. N'ezie, isi ọrụ na a na-egwuri "Shilka" ...

Ebe a na-dị nnọọ a onwe-propelled niile ike zuru ezu. Na mbụ ndị agha "ọkara ala" guzosie ike "Zushki" ke idem nke gwongworo, ndị na-esonụ dị ka akụkụ nke usu ndi nāpunara madu na ogidi, na mgbe ahụ zu-23-2 na a ọrụ natara anụmanụ na ihu ọma nke ndị agha ọchịchị na niile etoju. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ha malitere efego na gwongworo Ural-375 na KAMAZ. Ọ na-hụrụ na ise zu-23-2-emegide ugbo elu usoro pụrụ reliably chebe agha convoys, ọbụna na a nnukwu nbì, n'ụzọ nkịtị "dara mgbe" ọhụrụ dị ka anya dị ka o kwere.

Eziokwu ahụ bụ na BMP-1, na a egbe, nke nwere a negligible n'akuku nke nrigo, dị irè n'aka agbachitere usu ndi nāpunara madu ogidi si nēru nbì nke Mujahideen ugwu. Na-enweghị òkè nke ngwá agha ndị a na agha na malitere na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Soviet Union ozugbo ida nke mba. Na taa, zu-23-2-emegide ugbo elu nrụnye, a foto nke bụ nke dị na isiokwu, full of niile "na-ekpo ọkụ tụrụ" nke ụwa. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-adịbeghị anya na-dị oké ọnụ ahịa banyere umengwụ Ukrainian ogu nke abụọ ka ọtụtụ iji "zushki".

Na na nke a, tinyere zu-23-2 e ji mee nanị ihe na-arụ ọrụ na ala zaa. Little mkpa downed ụgbọelu n'etiti hostilities ndị ọzọ nke na-emegide abụghịzi (e nweghị ọzọ), ma n'oge mwakpo e wusiri ike niile a ngwá agha pụtara na-kasị mma n'akụkụ.

oge a na nsụgharị

Ewoo, ọbụna na-ekwu arụmọrụ nke ikuku zaa bụ ala niile ihe ọma, aza ajụjụ maka naanị 0.023. The puru nke ịdaba a oge a na ugbo elu (na wezụga nke helikọpta) bụ ọbụna ala, na budata.

Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ nke a echichi na-adịghị efu ya mkpa, dị ka naanị otu di na nwunye nke Hits ga-eme ka fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụla ugbo elu. N'ụzọ ezi uche - echichi nke akpaka égbè scopes na iche nsuso na usoro. Nke a bụ ihe ugbu a edozi site ọkachamara KB Tochmash ha. A. E. Nudelmana. Ọrụ ha kpụrụ ihe ndabere maka ntoputa nke ọhụrụ emegide ugbo elu nrụnye zu-23-2. Photos of ndị a ụdị ịmata mfe, dị ka ha nọ na-amalite containers emegide ugbo elu agba.

Abamuru nke kwalite ụdị

Ke adianade do, kwalite "zushek" bụ electromechanical Motors nduzi usoro, Kacha ọhụrụ nlegharị anya ìhè na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara, a laser rangefinder, nke na-enye ohere ruo a mita chọpụta anya ọbụna ogbenye visibiliti ọnọdụ. Maka ọrụ n'abalị, usoro n'ihu ike-onwem na a thermal imager, nke irutu kpọmkwem thermal radieshon iro ngwá ọtụtụ kilomita. Theoretically, a-enye gị ohere kụtuo ọbụna a oge a ọgụ helikopta.

Si na-ewu nke modernized-emegide ugbo elu egbe e kpamkpam tutu amama ochie n'anya zap-23 si n'ebe ọrụ onye agha. Ọ dochie opto-electronic modul ọzọ nduzi na akara usoro. Podolsky Mmepụta na-ekwu na dị ka a n'ihi nke a niile innovations, ihe gbasara nke puru ọkụkụ lekwasịrị ozugbo ụba atọ. Ma ezigbo "kụrụ" aghọwo a nlereanya zu-30M, ndị na-ewu nke na-enye maka echichi nke akpa ụdị MANPADS "Igla", Stinger ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka ndị ikpeazụ ahịa.

Ya mere zu-23-2, ndị e ji mara nke na-atụle anyị akwụkwọ, nyere ịrị elu nke mmepe nke a dị iche iche ndị dị mfe, irè na ọnụ-emegide ugbo elu egbe. Ịbụ kwalite, "zushka" ihe karịrị otu afọ ga-eji na ya bipụta ya nzube. Anyị na-mara na Poland, na "bins" nke ekpe a otutu flak, kpachaara anya na-emekwa ụfọdụ na mmepụta dabeere na ndị a modernized n'omume. Domestic-emepụta wutere site eziokwu na mkpanaka ndị na-adịghị soro n'iwu.

Anyị na-atụ na zu-23-2 na ya TTHa anyị kọwara ndị nke na-adọrọ mmasị gị. Nke a ngwá agha - a ihe nlereanya zuru okè nke otú ibido etinye nwere nke modernizing antiaircraft egbe nwere ike ji mee ihe n'oge Agha Nzuzo na taa.