Circulation nke bekee na Biosphere

Fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla schoolchild maara na okirikiri nke okwu na Biosphere, Bilie a mgbanwe nke ume bụ ndabere nke ịdị adị nke uwa, na ihe nile gbasara ya. Nnọọ schematically, a okirikiri nwere ike chịkọtara dị ka ndị a. Ndammana na-ewere ọnọdụ ndụ ntule na-aṅụ nnukwu ichekwa ịnweta ego na udi nke aru, ma mgbe ya na ọnwụ, n'ụdị dị iche iche chemical ọcha azụ n'ime otu gburugburu ebe obibi, na otú a na-akpụ, na ịgba ígwè nke okwu na Biosphere. Usoro a na-akpọ biogenic usoro, na-edebe eruba n'ime ya eme ikuku, lithosphere na hydrosphere. Cyclical na repeatable ihe onwunwe mgbanwe phenomena on dị iche iche cycles ada ka aha - okirikiri.

Fọrọ nke nta na-enweghị isịneke, ndu eme ntule na-etinye aka na a okirikiri. Ka ihe atụ, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ osisi na-aṅụ, nke bụ na ikuku, carbon dioxide, minerals, na n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ na gburugburu ebe obibi oxygen.

Fauna eku ume otu oxygen, nke tọhapụrụ site na osisi, na site na-eri ndị a na osisi, banye na egweri organic okwu. Ọzọkwa, mgbe ọnwụ nke osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ, ha foduru na-esichara site iche iche na bacteria na-etolite carbon dioxide na akakabarede nke organic ogige na ịnweta umi.

Mgbe ahụ mgbasa nke bekee na Biosphere - usoro nke na-atụgharị na Ndahie bekee retara na ala, ebe ha na-ada minerals, na, na, na n'aka, etinye obi gị dum site na osisi ụwa. Iji ichikota a okirikiri na atọm larịị, ọ ga-abụ a pụtara dị mfe ọgwụgwụ - na atọm nke ụfọdụ nke ihe ndị kasị mkpa chemical bekee, ime ihe na-aga n'ihu usoro nke Mbugharị, ọ bụghị naanị site otu organism ọzọ, ma site na otu ụdị nke gburugburu ebe obibi ọzọ - anọgide ugbu a na ala, ikuku na hydrosphere.

The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ cycles bụ fọrọ nke nta na-enweghị nsọtụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, e mere atụmatụ na ikuku oxygen dị na ya zuru ókè na naanị afọ abụọ na a obere puku agabiga ndụ ntule. Otu ije na-eme ka na carbon dioxide, nanị mgbe ahụ okirikiri-ewe obere oge - na 200-300 afọ. Dị ka akụkụ nke usoro a, nke bụ okirikiri nke okwu na Biosphere, nanị onye okirikiri nke ọgwụgwọ a na-akpọ biogeochemical cycles.

Gịnị kpebisiri ike site a okirikiri? Dị mwute ikwu na, saa mbara, na ọtụtụ ihe, full of azịza ajụjụ a bụ mba. Nwere ike reliably na-ekwu na otu n'ime ihe ndị mere na ihu ọma nke akụ constraints nke mbara ala anyị. Ọzọ variant nke azịza nwere ike ịdabere na ozizi nke oké Vernadsky na Biosphere na nke na-ekwusi ike na ịdị adị nke a ohere ntụgharị, nke ruru ọ bụghị naanị ka ịgba ígwè nke okwu, ma na-agbanwe ụda nke eluigwe na ala ọdịnaya. Ọ na-ghọtara na ihe nile ụdị cycles, dị ka anyị na-achọghị localize ha na oge na ohere, nwere otu ihe jikọrọ niile nke ihe onwunwe ha. All nke ha na-ejikọrọ na Filiks nke ume metabolism. Ná mmalite, dị ka ihe ndabere nke okirikiri, ọ rụrụ ike nke anyanwụ. Ọ na-ahụ converted n'ime dị iche iche nke ike chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ mgbanwe, kama n'ihi na anyị nwere ike ikwu banyere okirikiri nke ume nwere, a mkpọrọ n'ime Biosphere. Kwụsie ike nke usoro nke ike na ndu omume bụ isi ọnọdụ nke a nkịtị na-anụ ala nke Biosphere.

Dị ka ekwuola, otu n'ime ndị kasị "ifịk ifịk òtù" nke circuit bụ carbon. Ọnụnọ nke a mmewere na fọrọ nke nta niile organic bekee ezi uche na-akọwa carbon okirikiri na Biosphere. Na usoro nke photosynthesis, carbon-assimilates si Biosphere zones osisi na converted n'ime carbohydrates. Mgbe respiration nke ndu eme ntule, usoro a na-nwesịrị, na dị ka a n'ihi na ọ na-nọrọ nke ukwu mee na carbon okirikiri. The isi ihe na-ekpebi carbon ọgwụgwọ bụ respiration na photosynthesis.

Ọzọkwa otu n'ime isi ihe nke niile organic okwu bụ nitrogen. Ya, dị ka ihe dị oké mkpa akụrụngwa, nwere ATP, ndi na-edozi, nucleic asịd. Nitrogen dị isi na ikuku, na ya molekụla usoro anaghị ekwe ka osisi na-eji ya ozugbo. Ya mere osisi na-aṅụ nitrogen ka inorganic bekee. The ụzọ site nke nitrogen na-ọnọ n'ala ma ọ bụ mmiri, bụ dị iche iche, otú nrugharị nke nitrogen na-iche na Biosphere. Ihe atụ, ụfọdụ nke nitrogen ogige guzobere ikuku n'oge thunderstorms. Na mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ na-agba ọsọ na-apụ ha na-aga n'osimiri, ala, ọdọ, ebe mgbe etinye obi gị dum site na osisi.

Dị ka a pụrụ hụrụ, mgbe nile, ndụ ntule bụ ihe ndabere maka guzobere circuit ihe na Biosphere.