GAZ-63 - Soviet ụgbọala. History, nkọwa, nkọwa,

GAZ mara maka ya gwongworo. Anọpụ iche yiri, n'azụ-wheel mbanye GAZ-51 ghọrọ a na akụkọ mgbe anụ ụlọ ụgbọala na ụlọ ọrụ. Anọ wheel mbanye GAZ-63 undeservedly nọgidere na naanị na ebe nchekwa Fans, ma akụkọ ihe mere eme na-adịghị idaba ya anya.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-eke

Onye ama ama nke nnukwu ugboala GAZ-AA ụgbọala bụ naanị na afọ iri gara aga tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Ọ na-ochie na-adị na nyochawa, na-achọ ndochi. Army nnọọ mkpa ụgbọala wheel mbanye niile na-teren.

Ná mmalite 1938, mgbe Gorky Automobile Plant ha. Molotov amalitela ọrụ na ihe e kere eke nke a na usoro nke gwongworo zubere maka siri ụzọ ọnọdụ. Abụọ- na atọ axle niile na-wheel ụgbọala Chassis dị iche tumadi bases n'ogologo.

The mbụ ụlọ anọ na-wheel mbanye ụgbọ ala GAZ-63 malitere ya akụkọ ihe mere eme na April 1938. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ndị mbụ prototypes e wuru, bụ nke e mabu dị ka GAZ-62. Ha guzobere modernized engines si nnukwu ugboala GAZ-MM ike nke 50 lita. a. Tagzi ụgbọala pikọp ji site GAZ-415, a Chassis mepụtara kpọmkwem maka nke a nlereanya.

Design atụmatụ

Development nke a ọhụrụ ụlọ imewe na-adịghị aku. The isi ọrụ bụ ike ihe niile na-teren ụgbọala, ya mere, na-emesi ike weputa Chassis.

A fundamentally dị iche iche ndokwa - na engine odude n'elu n'ihu axle - nyeere na usen isi n'ogologo ntọt ikike.

First otu wheel setịpụrụ na otu n'ihu na azụ na egwu, ha na-edu, na mmanụ ụgbọala aku na uba maka n'ihu-wheel mbanye nwere ike nkwarụ. Gable n'azụ wheel na ájá na apịtị na-amanye mụbaa Chọpụta na-eduga ná ngafe ike oriri. Nyefee ikpe e debere ka ogologo nke propela akụ na ka n'ihu na n'azụ axle yiri. Dabere nkwusioru nke niile wheel emi odude na ọkara elliptic akwukwo isi iyi na n'ihu ka nwere abụọ-eme haịdrọlik ujo absorbers. Hydraulic ghọrọ breeki aka actuator.

Ná mmalite nke 1943, ụgbọ ala gbanwere kokpiiti na engine. Na ulo site na "Studebaker", o kere ruo ọgwụgwụ nke ibinye-mgbazinye.

Ọ maliteghachiri mmepụta nke a ụgbọ ala na 1948 na a ulo nke GAZ-51. Akụkụ GAZ-63 ọhụrụ n'onwe mere 5525 × 2200 × 2245 mm.

Na ngwá agha na isi nke igwe

Na October 1943 na ndị Gorky Automobile Plant wee malite ịkpa a wheeled onwe-propelled egbe na a egbe ala caliber 76 mm. Site May 1944, mbụ oyiri e wepụtara. Na abụọ nke egbe-ama oche nke na-akwọ na ọchịagha-onye agha. Mgbọ ẹkewetde nke iri-na-asatọ na shells. M agha a ụgbọ ala na njedebe nke World War II.

Ke ukem na mmepe nlereanya nke ụgbọala na ya isi a ìhè abụọ axle armored ụgbọala e mepụtara na 1947 na a monocoque ahụ, mara dị ka BTR-40. APC e mere asatọ paratroopers. Wheelbase ebelata site 600 mm, na engine ike akpọlite 81 lita. c., mụbara elu ịgba nke adiana ugboro na-achụ àjà anwụ ngwa ngwa ahụ na ngwá agha mkpa.

Ọ na-ebu a na igwe egbe BTR Goryunova usoro, mgbọ nke gụnyere 1 260 cartridges. The igwe egbe nwere ike n'ịnyịnya na n'akụkụ nke onye nke anọ brackets. N'otu brackets nwere ike arụnyere na igwe egbe DP, nke ji ngwá agha paratroopers. Mgbanwe nke BTR-40A e ruo eruo na ejima arọ igwe egbe KVPT. Na 1993, ihe armored pesonel ụgbọelu napụrụ ọrụ.

Na Chassis GAZ-63 e mepụtara na 1950 ma na-alụ agha rọketi ogbunigwe BM-14 "Katyusha".

uka mmepụta

Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1948 malitere uka mmepụta nke GAZ-63. Njirimara site na oge ọ na e ọma enen ala ule, n'oge nke merie adahade 30 Celsius, ndeputa bụ ruo 0,9 m na ọwa na 0,76 m omimi. Oriri nke ndị dị ọnụ ala mmanụ ụgbọala A-66 malite site 25 ruo 29 lita kwa 100 km, ibu na a freeway - 2.0 m, na unyi ụzọ - 1.5 m.

A isi emezighị emezi nke a ụgbọ ala kemgbe volatility na elu-ọsọ cornering. Nwechapụ bụ 270 mm na a warara track, ọ enwekwu permeability nke ụgbọala, ma n'ihi abawanye na ịdị elu na rollover cornering na n'akụkụ ugwu. Nke a bụ eziokwu karịsịa na elu ad GAZ-63, dị ka banyeghachi n'ụgbọala anyị ma ọ bụ tankị.

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1968 na ọ e wepụtara ikpeazụ a mmepụta ụgbọ ala. N'ihi na ihe niile oge 474 puku. Cars nke dị iche iche mgbanwe na-emepụta. Ha na-exported ka socialist mba, Finland, na Middle East, Asia na Africa.

ebupụ

The GDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia na Yugoslavia na Eastern Europe, Vietnam, North Korea, Laos na Mongolia na Asia, Cuba, African mba - ala, nke na-enye gas-63. Price mbupụ nke ụgbọala bụ ala. Equipment ọnọ n'ime fraternal aka nke enyi na enyi mba.

Abroad e ọnọ bụghị nanị ihe ndị bụ isi ihe nlereanya anọ na-wheel ụgbọala GAZ-63 na 63A, 63P ma ya mgbanwe na mbupụ na okpomọkụ na nsụgharị, ụgbọala echebekwa ngwá 63E, bọs a Chassis na ndị ọzọ na ụdị.

Ke adianade do, na North Korea kemgbe 1961 n'okpuru ika aha Sungri-61 Sungri-61NA na na China kemgbe 1965 n'okpuru ika Yuejin NJ230 na NJ230A mere site Soviet ikike ụgbọala na ndabere nke a igwe.

Ọgụ na North Korea Soviet agha ụgbọala wheel mbanye gosiri na a ezigbo ọgụ igwe na akwụ mmara agha.

agha ụgbọala

Mbemiso 1950, ụgbọ ala ulo a nke osisi, mgbe ahụ metal na osisi ụzọ, na ebe ọ bụ na 1956 - ihe niile na-metal. Ọ bụ mfafaha na oyi na-atụ, na-enye okpomọkụ imewe naanị pụtara na 1952, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ tupu amalite progrevateli arụnyere na ụgbọala na mmalite nke mmepụta.

Utility n'elu ikpo okwu na-elu latticed plank hinged longitudinal n'akụkụ onwem na oche maka iburu onye agha. Tailgate dị nro. Echebe site na ihu igwe okwuchi windo na agbatị na anọ arcs n'ịnyịnya pụrụ iche oche. Ụgbọala elu nke tent bụ 2810 mm.

Ọ enhances na arụmọrụ nke ụgbọala na na o nwere ike ikpu trailers ebu ike nke abụọ tọn.

Army offroad ụgbọala GAZ-63 e ji mee ka ibufe pesonel, towing achụ nta, maka echichi nke ọgụ nkeji.

mgbanwe SUV

Isi mgbanwe anya-ụzọ ụgbọala e nwere nanị abụọ.

Ke ukem na isi nlereanya na-emepụta na mgbanwe nke a winch na n'ihu ọgwụgwụ nke elongated etiti GAZ 63A maka onwe-elekọta ma na ndị ọzọ ụgbọala na-esiri ụzọ ọnọdụ. The winch na a eriri ogologo nke 65 m actuates na propela aro via a ike na-ahụ-anya n'ebe nnyefe na-akwọ ụgbọala odudu mepụtara ruo 4.5 m. Kwụsị ibu nke ụgbọala 240 kg karịa ndị bụ isi nlereanya.

Na 1958 ụgbọala GAZ-63P, a tọhapụrụ site na wheel slippage-arụ ọrụ na uniaxial semitrailer ibu ike nke na-anọ tọn. The n'azụ wheel nke traktọ ndidi gable. Na-esote afọ, osisi malitere amị ụgbọala traktọ GAZ-63D. Na ya imewe, n'adịghị gara aga mgbanwe gụnyere PTO gearbox na a n'ibu mmepụta maka ụgbọala tipper usoro semitrailer imewe.

Special ugbo ala dabeere na SUV

Mmanụ ụgbọala gwongworo, mmanụ gwongworo, mmiri ara ehi tankị, banyeghachi n'ụgbọala anyị, mobile na-adọba ụgbọala, ọgwụ mkpara na-azụ, disinfection echichi, ịghasa-rotor igwe na-aga na ndabere nke GAZ-63. Firefighter ụgbọ ala na nkwukọrịta na ọkụ, tank tọhapụrụ ọtụtụ mgbanwe Vargashinsky osisi ọkụ na-alụ ọgụ akụrụngwa. Staff bag na ọkụ gwongworo e mepụtara na Moscow osisi ọkụ engines.

Maka agha, na mgbakwunye na nke isi ụdị, ọgwụ na ahụ ike na-arụ ọrụ na-azụ, echebekwa ekpo ọkụ na uko njikọ nke ígwè ọrụ na-emepụta disinfection na mmiri DDA-53A maka sanitization na ubi nke pesonel, disinfection na disinfestation uwe na ngwá. Nwụnye uzuoku ji esi mmiri ọkụ na-ọnọ na mmiri mmiri na mmanụ ụgbọala ma ọ bụ osisi, nke na-arụ ọrụ mgbali bụ ikuku anọ, esi mmiri ọkụ-accumulator, a n'aka mgbapụta, paroelevatorom, akara ngwa, abụọ oghe disinfection ụlọ na mmiri na iri na abụọ ịsa ákwà.

technical e ji mara

Ebe ọ bụ na osisi ọ fọrọ nke nta n'otu oge ahụ kere ihe agha ụgbọala na ndi nkiti GAZ-51, ọtụtụ ndị nkeji na nkọwa a dị n'otu, nke kwere ka oge na-anakọta igwe ndị a na a otu nzukọ akara, si otú na-belata na-eri na mfe nzukọ ọrụ.

Engine agha SUV arụnyere na GAS-51 na isii Carburetor nizhneklapannym olu nke 3.5 puku. Cu. cm. A obere ike ọkọnọ 70 l. a. na ọsọ 65 km / h ụgwọ atụrụ idobere a full ibu enweghị refueling 780 km.

Abụọ mmanụ ụgbọala tankị, isi na sub, nyere ego nke mmanụ ụgbọala bụ fọrọ nke nta 200 lita mmanụ ụgbọala. GAZ-63 (dizel) pụtara dị iche iche embodiments na nụchara anụcha improvised omenkà ruo ugbu a.

Nzipu a anọ na-ụgbọ ala, ipigide - otu-disk, akọrọ, na nyefe ikpe - abụọ etoju na Splitter, nke a kwadebere n'ụzọ na ọ bụghị nanị na Mbelata, ma n'ihi na kpọmkwem nnyefe iji belata mmanụ ụgbọala oriri na okporo ụzọ.

GAZ-63 bụ a gbasiri, undemanding na mfe iji, ka a elu maneuverability, ekele ndị a ji mara na-emepụta fọrọ nke nta ka afọ iri abụọ. Ọ ga-hụrụ ugbu a, ọ bụghị nanị n'etiti Fans - na nchekwaba na asọmpi, ma n'okporo ụzọ. Ya price na-agbanwe agbanwe na a ụgbọ ala 60 450 puku, dabere na ọnọdụ na ọnụnọ nke nwa afọ akụkụ na mgbakọ.