Jeep "Willys": atụmatụ na foto

Jeep "Willys" - ụgbọ ala akụkọ mgbe, na-agafe si Volga na Berlin, gafere ọzara nke Africa, Wade site Asian ọhịa. Ya echiche ka ihe ndabere maka ihe e kere eke nke oge a na SUVs. "Willis" bụ nchoputa nke elu-klas ụgbọala, nke taa ibu aha "moto jiipu".

Jeep "Willys": akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e kere eke

Ebe ọ bụ na 30s na US agha malitere igosi ubara mmasị motorcars nke elu permeability, nke nwere ike dochie ugbu a merela agadi nsoro nke ìhè agha ugbo ala. The akasiaha agha na Europe na-amanye ndị America na-adị n'elu usoro. Nke a, a set nke dị mkpa oru chọrọ maka ụgbọala ndị nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu, nke kwesịrị ịsụgharị n'ime eziokwu.

Automakers maara nke ọma na nnata nke ihe dị otú ahụ iji n'okpuru ugbu a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnọdụ kwere nkwa a ọma lọta. Ya mere, na-alụ maka obi n'ihi na mmepụta nke SUVs, mara ọkwa na US agha, 135 ụlọ ọrụ odụk. Ma tupu ikpeazụ ogbo na-enwe ike iru nanị atọ "American Bantam", "Ford Motor Company" na "Willys nweekwa," nke nwere ike ịmepụta n'ezie prototypes na izute mkpa nke ndị agha. N'ihi ya, onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị a na ụlọ ọrụ ndị natara iji mepụta 1,500 nkeji nke ya SUV.

ịchọpụta nhọrọ

Mgbe o doro anya na ndị America ga-enwe ike ịnọ n'ebe agha, na July 1941, e kpebiri nyak ọzọ, nwere a nnukwu ogbe nke anya-ụzọ ugbo ala, esịnede 16,000 ụgbọala. Ma ọzọ e nwere a ajụjụ nke ị na-ahọrọ n'etiti atọ na-emepụta.

Akpa, akpịrịkpa tipped na ntụziaka nke "Ford" dị ka ndị kasị ibu automaker na ụwa. Ma mgbe ahụ, ajụjụ bilie na-eri nke igwe. Ọ tụgharịrị na SUV, ndị chọrọ "Ford", bụ oké ọnụ ahịa karịa ihe niile - nke ya mmepụta jisiri ke 788 dollar. Ubé dị ọnụ ala karịa na-eri, "Bantam" - 782 dollar. The kasị ala price e nyere "Willys nweekwa," nke enyocha uru nke onye nke ya na ígwè ọrụ na 738,74 dollar, na nke a n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ a agha moto jiipu "moto jiipu" nwere a mma arụmọrụ karịa asọmpi 'SUVs.

O yiri ka ọgwụgwụ ya doro anya, ma ndị agha nwere obi abụọ na ụlọ ọrụ ga-enwe ike ịnọgide n'ime kpọmkwem oge etiti, dị ka ikpe na ọ bụghị dị nnọọ mma. Point n'okwu a na-etinye Bill Knutson - American ọkachamara na ubi nke uka-emepụta ụgbọala, na-akwado ndị candidacy nke "Willys nweekwa."

July 23, 1941 na "Willys nweekwa" aka a nkwekọrịta na-emepụta 16,000 ụgbọala. Na na August, na Jeep "Willys" (nọchiri n'okpuru) mgbe a na usoro nke ndozi a kpam kpam njikere maka uka mmepụta, na aha ya - Willys MB Tinye Index.

The ọchịchị nchekwa net

Nchegbu "Willys nweekwa," guzo n'ihu ọdachi nke odida na ike imeri Oghere Usoro iji nke agha, otú ahụ Government kpebiri ime ka ala na-enye onye ọzọ ego na mmepụta nke mbipụta nke SUVs pụrụ ịdabere ụlọ ọrụ - "Ford Motor".

nwe ụlọ ọrụ kwetara a nnukwu ọchịchị iji, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na "Ford" nwere iji mbụ engine na mmepụta nke ha na ígwè ọrụ, zụrụ n'aka "Willys nweekwa." akwụkwọ na Willys MB e nyefere a oyiri nke injinia "Ford", na na n'oge 1942, ìgwè ulo oru ya mbụ SUV counterpart, a na-akpọ Ford GPW.

N'oge agha, "Willys nweekwa" emepụta banyere 363.000 SUVs. "Ford Motor" rụrụ agha maka 280.000 ígwè ọrụ. Fọrọ nke nta ozugbo mgbe mmalite nke Oghere Usoro mmepụta nke SUV ụgbọala wee allies - ụzọ British na mgbe ahụ Soviet n'akụkụ.

Nzipu Work agha SUV

N'okporo ụzọ, n'agbanyeghị na anọ na-wheel mbanye, Jeep "Willys" ebiri m nnọọ ka o kwesịrị. Accelerated ngwa ngwa, m chụpụrụ ọma, ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-aga n'okporo ụzọ. Nke a na omume na-ọma nyere "ahaziri" nnyefe SUV.

Ụgbọelu mmewere "Willis" spar etiti e ejikọrọ via iyi na ujo absorbers ọzọ otu direction na àkwà mmiri onwem njikọ chiri differentials. The engine nke igwe na-njikọ chiri na a ntuziaka 3-ọsọ gearbox.

Management nke n'ihu axle na downshift rụrụ site nyefe ikpe.

"Willis" Jeep nwere a oké uru n'ụdị haịdrọlik brek nke niile 4 wiil na na ya kwa na ike e ji mara ndị dị mkpa.

The ụgbọ ala ahụ

N'ihi na compactness nke nkasi obi gị American SUV, n'ezie, ọ na-dị ka ọ chọrọ, ma na ụbọchị ndị ahụ na-enweghị na-eche echiche nke na mma na akpa ebe bụ afọ nke arụmọrụ.

Na a dị mfe na-achọ ahụ "Willis" nwere ya imewe atụmatụ nke a enweghị ụzọ na mpịachi na enyeghachi ya okpukpu anọ nke windscreen. Enweghị ụzọ kwere ka unu kpamkpam ịhapụ ụgbọ ala na ikpe nke ihe ize ndụ. rainproof tent e nyere maka nchebe site na mmiri ozuzo.

Na elu n'akụkụ nke ahụ ahụ dị na azụ nke "mapụtara wheel" na tragaasi, na ndị dị n'akụkụ - a-eje ije ngwá (shọvel, anyu-ike, wdg). N'ihi agha nzube ụgbọala mmanụ ụgbọala tank e debere n'okpuru akwọ ụgbọala oche, nke dị mkpa ka tilt na ụgbọala refueling. Na ezumike n'azụ n'azụ wheel arches odude oghere maka na ịchekwa ngwaọrụ.

Ebe ọ bụ na ahụ nwere a igbe-dị ka Ọdịdị, oghere na-nyere na-ewepụ a kwere omume ìgwè nke mmiri na ala nke igwe, na-stoppered.

Gbasara Anya Atụmatụ

Nnukwu ọkụ "Willis" dịtụ recessed ikwu na ụgbọelu nke grille. Nke a bụ n'ihi na ha bughi atụmatụ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa, ìhè Gbasara Anya nwere ike zaghị anya m, adịru ha ga-eji dị ka ìhè isi n'oge engine ọrụ n'abalị. Ke adianade do, nke a mma headlamp imewe na-enye ohere ime na ọchịchịrị enweghị a blackout.

Jeep "Willys": Car:

4-wheel mbanye.

Mass SUV - 1055 n'arọ.

The elu nke tent - 1830 mm.

Vehicle obosara - 1585 mm.

Jeep ogologo - 3335 mm.

Ground nwechapụ (nwechapụ) - 220 mm.

Engine inline 4-cylinder nizhneklapannym (Willys L-134) na a ike - 60 l / s.

Olu nke ike unit - 2,2l.

The ike ọkọnọ usoro kabureto ụdị (carburetor - eziga-539-S si ụlọ ọrụ Carter).

"Willis" Jeep enwe ike ịzụlite a na-agba nke 105 km / h na ikpe nke towing 45mm egbe ala - 86 km / h.

Mmanụ tank ikike - 56,8 lita.

mmanụ ụgbọala oriri (nkezi uru) - 12 lita / 100 km.

Ike - 4 mmadụ.

SUV "Willis" bụ nwee ike imeri a ọkara mita Ford enweghị nkwadebe. Na pụrụ iche ngwá 1.5 mita.

Si n'elu technical data ọ na-egosi na Jeep "Willys" nwere nnọọ kọmpat na fechaa imewe, na-ama a dị ezigbo mma oge maka ya ike ịrụ ọrụ.

Eje ozi na Soviet Army

Ọ pụtara na n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1942 na "Wilis" agha Soviet. Ọtụtụ nke ụgbọala na-ọnọ na Soviet Union, bịara n'ụdị ụgbọ ala-ngwa iwu, nke na-e zoro aka na-arụ ọrụ ala bụ ugbua na anụ ụlọ ụgbọ ala ụlọ mmepụta ihe.

N'ụzọ dị mwute, specificity nke ọrụ ke Soviet agha ekpe ya ezighị ezi mmetụta na arụmọrụ nke "Willis". Low-ọkwa mmanụ ụgbọala ịkpatawo ụgbọala, nke bụ na-egbu egbu na "America". Ọtụtụ mgbe agbasoghị igbapu etiti oge. Ọtụtụ ọdịda mere n'ihi enweghị adọ mmezi na lubrication SUV akụkụ. All a ọnụ mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na "Willis" ọdịda n'ime 15,000 km. O sina dị, ọ bụ kwere na na na Soviet Army, American SUVs ọnụ elu karịa anụ ụlọ ndị ogbo GAZ-67 na GAZ-67B, na Red Army e utu aha "Ivan na Jeep."

Agha ya ọrụ Obere-Jeep "Willys" wee na-n'ala nna ya (ebe dị iche iche mgbanwe emepụta na ya ndabere), bụ nke e mechara na na 80s, mgbe ọ na-anọchi a ọzọ elu-oge "Hammer" chọrọ.