Knight na Cross nke Iron Cross: nkọwa, ogo. Awards nke atọ Reich

September 1939 1 n'ụbọchị nke German agha na Poland, chancelo na Onye Ndú nke Germany, Adolf Hitler nyere iwu tụtere ihe Iron Cross - ihe award kere ọbụna site King Frederick William. Nke a iji bụ nanị takeover nke atọ Reich na Prussia na aga alaeze ukwu. The iwu ẹkenam bụghị nanị ígwè, ma Knight si Cross - kasị elu larịị nke gara aga otu. Nke a award - ihe dị mkpa e nke ndị Nazi.

continuity

Knight ogo bụghị a novelti na Germany, ọ nwere ọtụtụ nke Prussian, Bavarian na Baden Order. The kasị elu award Third Reich atugharị anya dị ka ot Iron obe (ma e wezụga na ọ bụ nnukwu). N'otu akụkụ nke iji ike ịdị iche iche dabere na emeputa. Knight na Cross na-arụpụtara site Juncker, Shneynhauera, Kvenzera na Klein. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha mere iji size 48-48 mm na ndị ọzọ -. 49-50 mm.

Knight na Cross nke Iron Cross e mere otu dị ka na obe obere prestigious degrees, ma n'otu oge kacha mma mma ọmụmụ dị iche iche n'akụkụ (karịsịa n'akụkụ ebupụta). Iji utịp (ma ọ bụ kama ya elu doo) na-soldered a obere agịga. Ọ threaded mgbanaka mere maka a 45 mm dum teepu. Order nwere e ji mara etiti, nke ka nke silver 800-nke sample.

karịsịa na-akwụghachi ụgwọ

Nnọọ, na-emekarị adịghị n'ezie Onyinye yi Knight si Cross, ma naanị otu, mgbe mbụ na-nọ n'ebe dị nchebe. E mere nke a iji ghara ida ma ọ bụ imebi relic. Ọtụtụ mgbe eyi mbipụta na a ọgụ ọnọdụ.

Aka Knight si Cross nke Iron Cross na akụkụ anọ igbe. Inside ya agafe na-acha ọcha silk, na n'èzí kpuchie na nwa lederinom. Na ikpe nke adịchaghị nyekwara bụghị naanị cross, kamakwa a amanyere bụ iwu belt. Agaghị echefu echefu mgbakwunye e mere ebi akwụkwọ ubre, nke e debere na ihe embossed folder. A, Knight si Cross e nyefeela ya n'aka onye nwe ọchịagha nke ya njikọ. The ememe ẹkenịmde ke a festive ikuku. The award nwere ike na-aga n'ihu n'ihi na a ogologo oge, na-aga n'ụzọ na-agafe ọtụtụ aka ozugbo. Igbu oge na nnyefe karịsịa Ugboro omume na mmalite nke agha. Na nke ka nke ruuru ya ụgwọ ọrụ na-eche ụgbọelu.

"Norms"

Dị ka ihe niile agha iwu nke atọ Reich, na Cross bụ ọdịda maka ụfọdụ rụzuru na agha. Ka ihe atụ, pilot nke Luftwaffe mere ka ndị kasị elu award naanị gbatara 20 ihe (ha na-ọdịda maka agbapụ ala iro ụgbọ elu). N'ime oge ahụ, warara ka toro. Ke adianade do, ọ dabeere na nkiri nke agha: n'ihi na Knight si Cross na Soviet n'ihu nwere ka e bibie ugboro abụọ ọzọ ụgbọala karịa na efe n'elu ọgụ na ndị fọdụrụ nke Europe ma ọ bụ North Africa.

The Navy mkpa imi na ụgbọ mmiri, ngụkọta Ndahie nke nke bụ hà 100 puku tọn. Na nke a, fọrọ nke nta mgbe ọdịda ka ndi-isi usu submarines. N'ihi na Army 3 Reich Nwa n'ijokari bịara ikiri ( "N'ihi na obi ike n'ọgbọ agha").

ọnụ ọgụgụ

N'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ, ndị Knight si Cross e ọdịda nke 7361 ndị mmadụ (dị ka isi mmalite ndị ọzọ 7365). Otu n'ime ihe ndị gentlemen bụghị a otu nwaanyị, ma e nwere ihe ole na ole na iri na abuo mba ọzọ agha na mba, na-arụrụ Germany. Nti ọnụ ọgụgụ na enọ utu aha. Kasị natara Knight si Cross Captain / Captain-Lieutenant (1523) na Lieutenant (1225).

First ọdịda nke prestigious Order wee ebe na njedebe nke ọnwa mbụ nke agha Mmetụta site 3 Reich. September 30 ya Knight si Cross natara 13 ndị na-wee akụkụ ke Polish mkpọsa biri ọma. N'etiti ndị kasị ma ama Cavaliers tụgharịa Grossadmiral Erich Raeder, ọchịagha nke German Navy. All na ndị ikom ndị isi, akara maka iche dị na ntuziaka. Site n'akwụkwọ ahụ "N'ihi na omeka agu" bụ ndị mbụ na-agafe chọsiri ike inweta Günther Prien (o nyere iwu ka ụgbọ okpuru mmiri Na-ụgbọ mmiri 47). Na 1939 e nwere nanị 27 Knight Knight si Cross, na ọtụtụ obe na-anapụta ke 1944 (2466).

abụọ ogo

Na ngụkọta, ndị Knight si Cross ise degrees, nke mbụ nke nke bụ Knight si Cross onwe ya. A ọnwa ole na ole mgbe mmalite nke World War II na June 1940, ndị German na-edu ndú kpebiri iru ọbụna ihe ọzọ a ma ama na award, bu n'obi maka agha bụ karịsịa ndị dike. Ya mere, e a Knight si Cross nke Iron Cross na Oak doo. Nke a award bụ naanị echefu ihe ọ bụla gentlemen nke akpa ntaifiọk.

Oak epupụta (nnọchianya nke iche) dere dị n'elu obe, e bụ ebe e nwere a akaghị nke teepu. Ịchọ Mma bụ ihe ama ji ọlaọcha mee. Ọ kwubiri atọ oak akwukwo - nkịtị ebe ochie heraldic ọgụgụ. Mgbe ụfọdụ, European mkpuchi nke ogwe aka ndị e kwuru na ndị acorns, ma na ikpe nke na-Knight si Cross nke mkpụrụ a gbahapụrụ ya.

knights

The mbụ Knight si Cross na Oak doo e ọdịda Eduarda Ditlya - onyeisi general iwu Mountain agha "Norway. Otu nke ikpeazụ òtù nke Order na-atụle ga a naval ojii Adalbert von Blanc. Na nke ka nke ọ bụ ma ama na ndị ikpeazụ nke agha. Na 1944, oghere na-aga 9 Security Division, mgbe ahụ, wee akụkụ ke esi kpọpụ mmadụ nile nke Germany si Courland. Ke adianade do, ọ na-akwado alaghachi azụ Wehrmacht n'ala njikọ. Na May 1945, oghere na mkpọrọ site British agha. Officer bụ kechioma - O ike ịnọgide agha ya ọrụ na Germany. O jere ozi ruo mgbe 1964, mgbe ọ natara n'usoro nke ochiagha na lara ezumike nká.

atọ ogo

Na ọdịda 1941 Knight si Cross award enwetara otu ugboro, ọ na-ama nke atọ ogo - na Knight si Cross na Oak doo na mma agha. The iwu maka ya oruru e banyere site na Onye Ndú, ndị isi nke Kasị Elu Command nke Wehrmacht Vilgelmom Keytelem na Reich Minister nke Interior Wilhelm Frick.

A ọhụrụ ịrịba ama bụ yiri gara aga award nke akpu epupụta, na nke e kwukwara a ụzọ gafere mma agha. Order e mere nke elu-edu silver ọla. Na ya azụ n'akụkụ e setịpụrụ na-akanye na emeputa. N'ihi na cross e mmasị moire rịbọn nke acha uhie uhie ọcha okooko osisi. Mgbe oge nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị nwe Knight si Cross na Oak doo na mma agha ghọrọ 160 ndị mmadụ, 55 onye na-eje ozi na Luftwaffe. Naanị otu mba ọzọ natara a award. Ha bụ a Japanese ochiagha na Navy Ọchịagha Yamamoto Isiroku.

Awards aces

Nku Ọchịagha Adolf Galland ghọrọ ndị mbụ njide nke Knight si Cross na Oak doo na mma agha. O nyere iwu ka 51th skwodron mbara ọzara-ebukọrọ. Ná mmalite, ndị ọhụrụ iji ọdịda nanị ụgbọelu. Ya mere nke-atọ cavalier ghọrọ Walter Oesau. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ọrụ agha ọ malitere na ogbunigwe ndi agha. Dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ German ụgbọelu nke World War II, Oesau mbụ ghọrọ ama na Spain, ebe ọ na-edepụtara dị ka akụkụ nke ama Legion "Condor". Mgbe oge nke ọhụrụ mgbasa ozi, ọ na-abuana ke agha nile nke France na "Agha nke Britain". Oesau enwebeghị na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ihu, kama bibiri ọtụtụ ugbo elu nke elu-igwe nke Netherlands. May 11, 1944 ọ gbara ala nso Belgium obodo nke St. Vith. N'ihi Oesau 118 iro ugbo elu na 430 ọgụ ọzọ.

anọ ogo

Fourth Degree Knights Cross pụtara n'out oge na-atọ, na ise ruo n'ókè (ọ bụ Knight si Cross na Oak epupụta, mma agha na Diamonds). The award na-adịghị zọọ na mere site n'aka nke kacha mma German nka. Silver 935-carat na-aka nke ndị nwere ahụmahụ jewelers, na na njedebe nke ọrụ ha chọrọ mma na Order nke nnukwu nke 50 obere diamonds. Ha na-arọ bụ fọrọ nke nta atọ carats, na ibu ibu nke niile akara - 28 grams. Hand mere ka a cross, na a clip maka ya.

Maka adị kwa ụbọchị na-eyi ka e nyere award-dị nnọọ abụọ mbipụta nke a ala-ọkwa ihe. German Knight si Cross na Oak epupụta, mma agha na Diamonds natara a ngụkọta nke 27 ndị mmadụ (n'etiti ha abụghị mba ọzọ).

Werner Mölders

Cavalier debutant Knight si Cross nke anọ ogo bụ Werner Mölders - fighter pilot na n'usoro nke ndị agha. Nke a na itu kaadi bụ nwa a nkụzi, bụ ndị nwụrụ n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ na France, ya mere, ya oke nke a agha ọrụ bụ a foregone ọgwụgwụ kemgbe ha bụ nwata. Education Melders natara na Dresden Academy na Demining School Munich.

Na 1934, ọrụ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu iji onye na-ebu mere a nkọ uzo - enye kpọfere Luftwaffe. The mbụ ọgụ ahụmahụ nke pilot nọ na mbara igwe n'elu Spain, bụ ebe e nwere a agha obodo. Ya mere, ọ malitere Ụwa nke Abụọ, na-ama na-enwe a dị ịrịba ama na ahụmahụ. The mbụ mmeri bụ ogologo oge na-abịa. Na September 1939, na-adịghị anya Merzig Melders ada ala na French fighter "egbe".

Ikpeazụ ya sortie al mere na Crimea. O jiri na November 1941 na ụzọ ya Berlin, ebe ọ na-enwe ememe olili ozu nke ọzọ a ma ama pilot Ernst Udet Luftwaffe. Melders ụgbọelu da n'ala n'ihi na eziokwu na idobere eletriki wiring. The pilot ama ihe karịrị 300 sorties, gbara ala 115 iro ugbo elu.

ise ogo

The kasị elu award na Wehrmacht bụ Knight si Cross na ọlaedo oak epupụta, mma-agha na diamonds. Ịpụ iche nke a award bụ na n'oge na-adị ya ka nwetara naanị otu onye. Ha hụrụ Hans Rudel - Aviation, Colonel natara award na ụbọchị mbụ nke 1945. Site na njedebe nke agha ya bụ ndị kasị elu isi pilot nke agha ugbo elu. Ọgụgụ Rudel a họọrọ dị proxy - kasị elu award ike inweta ya ka onye ọ bụla.

Hans mụrụ n'ezinụlọ pastọ na na na-eto eto sonyeere Nazi nzukọ. Polish mkpọsa ọ mụụrụ, dị ka ndị ọchịagha nke nyoputa onyeiro ugbo elu. Mgbe ahụ pilot jụrụ nyefee ya ka a ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị ize ndụ agha ugbo elu. Sochiri a oge nke ọzụzụ. Na April 1941, Rudel e zigara a skwodron nke amaba atụ bọmbụ, "Immelman". The pilot agha na Soviet n'ihu, mere a bido na Leningrad na Moscow ebe. Total Rudel mere karịa 2.5 puku sorties, ebibi banyere 500 tankị, 800 armored ugbo ala, nyụọ ọtụtụ ụgbọ mmiri na amphibious agha "Marat". Mgbe agha, ezigbo onye Nazi, kwagara Latin America, ebe ọ na-echeta ya dị ka onye nọ n'ọrụ imegwara ndị na-achọ.