Nazi Party (NSDAP): omume ndú, akara, akụkọ ihe mere eme

Na Germany ke 1920 mmalite nke ya adị Nazi Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP), na Russian - Nazi Party, ma ọ bụ NSDAP) na 1933 ghọrọ naanị iwu party na ike na mba. Mkpebi nke mgbochi-Hitler mmekota mgbe imeri ke 1945, e etisasịwo, na Nuremberg Ọnwụnwa ya onye ndú ghọtara mpụ na-akụziri ghara ịdị irè n'ihi iyi egwu nke mmadụ adị.

mbido

Na 1919 na Munich, a ụgbọ okporo ígwè fitter Antonom Drekslerom tọrọ ntọala German Ọrụ 'Party (DAP) n'elu ikpo okwu nke Committee of ọrụ Peace (Freien Arbeiterausschuss für einen guten Frieden), nke na-tọrọ ntọala site na Drexler. Ya abara - Paul Tafel, director na onye ndú nke Pan-German League, nyere echiche nke ihe e kere eke bụ a mba ọzọ na dabeere na-arụ ọrụ. N'okpuru nku nke WCT kemgbe inception ọ dịla banyere 40 òtù. Ihe omume nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ na e mebeghị ya zuru ezu mepụtara.

Adolf Hitler sonyeere DAP usoro September 1919, mgbe ọnwa isii gasịkwara a mara ọkwa "Ihe omume nke iri abụọ na ise ihe," mee na aha mgbanwe. Ugbu a, ọ akpatre nweela ya aha dị ka Nazi Party. Hitler onwe ya wee na innovations na National Socialism kpọwororị kwusara n'oge a na Austria. Ka idetuo aha na Austrian party, Hitler chọrọ a Socialist-Revolutinary Party. Ma ọ mekwara. Reading ekemende echiche, na-ebelata afo ka "Nazi", dị ka aha "sotsi" (socialists) ebibiela site ntụnyere.

Iri-na-ise ihe

Itinye a fateful program, kwadoro na February 1920, ga-enwe a mkpirikpi.

1. Greater Germany ga mmadụ nile dịrị n'otu Germany n'ókèala ha.
2. Iji adọ niile usoro nke Versailles Treaty karịa iji gosi nri nke Germany na otu nọọrọ onwe ha ụlọ mmekọahụ mba ndị ọzọ.
3. Lebensraum: achọ ọzọ n'ókèala na-emepụta ihe oriri na idozi ihe ahụ na-amụba German bi.
4. Ụmụ amaala na-nyere na ndabere nke agbụrụ. Juu na-adịghị German nationals.
5. All ndị na-abụghị ndị Germany nwere ike ịbụ naanị na ndị ọbịa.
6. Official posts ga jide kwesịrị ekwesị ndị mmadụ nkà na ikike na-aghọ dị, ọ bụla plan cronyism bụ adịghị anakwere.
7. The ala na iwu ji ya inye ọnọdụ n'ihi na ịdị adị nke ụmụ amaala. Mgbe ụkọ ego niile na-abụghị ụmụ amaala na-ekwe na nọmba nke bara uru.
8. Entry nke na-abụghị ndị Germany na Germany kwụsị.
9. All ụmụ amaala nwere bụghị naanị nri kamakwa oru isonye na ntuli aka.
10. Ọ bụla German nwa amaala nwere na-arụ ọrụ maka ọdịmma nke mmadụ.
11. Iwu na-akwadoghị ego bukọọrọ.
12. All uru akwụ na-efu nke ndi-agha, bukọọrọ.
13. Nationalization nke niile nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ.
14. Ọrụ na ndị ọrụ na isonye na uru nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ.
15. ochie-afọ ụgwọ ezumike nká kwesịrị ezigbo.
16. The mkpa iji na-akwado obere emepụta ma na-azụ ahịa, nyefee ha niile bụ isi na-echekwa.
17. Mgbanwe na ala n'umu, nchupu nke ntule.
18. Ntule ọnwụ, mpụ nile na-ata ahụhụ obi ọjọọ.
19. Nnọchi nke Roman iwu na German iwu.
20. The reorganization nke usoro agụmakwụkwọ na Germany.
21. State nkwado nke nne ma na-akwalite na-eto eto na mmepe.
22. Ịrụ ọrụ agha, kama a ọkachamara mba agha.
23. All media na mba kwesịrị ịbụ naanị ndị Germany, na-abụghị ndị Germany na-arụ ọrụ na ha na-aju.
24. Religion bụ free, ma e wezụga n'ihi okpukpe, nke dị ize ndụ Germany. Jewish ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya agọ.
25. Iwusi ndị gọọmenti etiti irè mejuputa iwu.

nzuko omeiwu

Si akpa April 1920 Hitler ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị usoro ihe omume malitere, na ebe ọ bụ na 1926 niile ndokwa nke ya kwuru inviolable. Site 1924 na 1933 otu nweela ọkụ na ngwa ngwa ike. Omeiwu ntuli aka na-egosi uto nke German Ntuli votu kwa afọ.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị Nazi Party nweela naanị 6.6% na ntuli aka, na December, na ọbụna na-erughị na May nke 1924 - na 3%, ebe na 1930 votu bụ 18.3%. Na 1932, na-akwado nke National Socialism ukwuu mụbara na July maka NSDAP tozuru oke 37.4%, na n'ikpeazụ, na March 1933, ọ fọrọ nke nta 44% nke votu na party natara Hitler. Ebe ọ bụ na 1923, mgbe nile na-enwe congresses nke Nazi Party, e nwere iri, na ndị ikpeazụ e nwere na 1938.

akụziri

Aka ike echiche zuru National Socialism agwakọta ọcha nke socialism, ịkpa ókè agbụrụ, mba, imegide ndị Juu, fasizim na mgbochi ọchịchị Kọmunist. Ọ bụ ya mere Nazi Party mara ọkwa ya ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke na-ewu obodo Aryan agbụrụ ọcha na a n'ókèala sara, nke nwere ihe niile ị chọrọ maka ọdịmma gị na ọganihu nke puku afọ Reich.

Hitler mere mbụ akụkọ tupu October 1919 party. Mgbe akụkọ ihe mere eme nke otu e na-amalite amalite, na-ege ntị bụ obere - na otu narị na iri na otu ndị mmadụ. Ma bupu n'ọdịnihu Ndú ha kpamkpam. Onwere, na postulates ya okwu mgbe ịgbanwe - ntoputa nke fasizim nwechaalarị. Na mbụ, Hitler gwara otú oké ọ na-ahụ Germany na ya kwuru iro: Juu na Marxists, ndị ikpe na-mba merie n'Agha Ụwa Mbụ na ụdi ahụhụ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ e kwuru banyere ndị rematch na German ngwá agha ga-ewepụ ịda ogbenye na mba. The chọrọ maka nloghachi nke chịrị n'agbanyeghị "obi" na-Treaty nke Versailles e mesikwuru site ebumnuche itinye ọtụtụ ọhụrụ n'ókèala.

party Ọdịdị

Wuru Nazi Party na territorial ụkpụrụ, ihe owuwu bụ hierarchical. Zuru oke ike na-akparaghị ókè ike so n'òtù onyeisi oche. Isi nke mbụ ahụ si January 1919 February 1920 bụ odeakụkọ Karl Harrer. Ọ na-ifịk ke e kere eke nke WCT. Ọ dochie Anton Drexler, a afọ mgbe e mesịrị ghọrọ asọpụrụ onyeisi oche nke otu, mgbe nyere ndị na reins na Adolf Hitler na July 1921.

Ozugbo ahụ, otu ngwa edu Deputy Ndú. Site 1933 na 1941, nke abụọ ọnọdụ e nwere site na Rudolf Hess, kere Nazi Party Chancellery, onye ozugbo na 1933 mere Martin Bormann, na 1941, ka gbanwee n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nke Party Chancellery. Ebe ọ bụ na 1942, Borman - Secretary nke Onye Ndú. Na 1945, Hitler dere a uche na nke o guzobere ọhụrụ party post - ozi pụtara na party omume, nke ghọrọ isi ya. Bormann nọrọ isi nke Nazi Party ogologo - banyere ụbọchị anọ, na iri atọ nke April ruo mgbe aka n'ime kwenye nke abụọ nke May.

ya mgba

Mgbe ndị Nazi nwara kuu, na Bavarian Commissioner Gustav von Kahr nyere iwu machibido ndị National Socialist Party. Otú ọ dị, omume enweghị isi, na ewu ewu na nke ọzọ, na Onye Ndú na-eto nnukwu ijeụkwụ: na 1924 iri anọ Reichstag nnọchiteanya so NSDAP. Ke adianade do, ndị òtù nke otu ndị zoro n'okpuru ndị ọzọ na aha nke ọhụrụ kere òtù. A na-emetụta Germany ozugbo mba obodo, Julius Streicher, na Popular Block na National Socialist Ntọhapụ Movement, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke otu òtù.

Na 1925, Nazi Party wee si ọzọ na iwu ọnọdụ, ma ndị ndú ya nwere chere na a kpere kenkwucha ajụjụ - ole socialism na mba ga-ebu a ije. N'ihi ya, otu e kewara abụọ nku. All 1926 gara a gbawara n'etiti na-elu ilu na-alụ n'etiti ezi ihe na n'aka ekpe. Party ogbako ke Bamberg bụ apogee nke a see okwu. Mgbe ahụ, May 22, 1926, ọ bụghị merie na-emegiderịta, Hitler na Munich ka hoputara onye ndú ha. Ha we me ya otu olu.

The ihe mere ewu ewu na nke Ọchịchị Ndị Nazi pụtara

Na Germany, ogo nke aku nsogbu ná mmalite n'afọ iri abụọ nke iri na abụọ na narị afọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu, discontent Inclusive toro site mmali na bụkwa mkpụrụ. Megide a ndabere, ọ bụ siri ike ohmurit uka echiche nke mba na agha, na-ezisa-nwe agbụrụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme ozi nke Germany. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-akwado na-akwado nke Nazi Party na-eto ngwa ngwa, na-adọta n'ohu ahụ Nazi ọtụtụ puku ndị lads si dị iche iche ọmụmụ na ala. Party mepụtara dynamically na adịghị elelị populist usoro na ew ọhụrụ na-eso ụzọ.

Okpokolo agba, kpụrụ idé nke Nazi Party, nnọọ mma: n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ na ha bụ ndị òtù nke ọchịchị disbanded paramilitary iche iche na lagoro ezumike nka 'mkpakọrịta (Pan-German League na German Ndị mmadụ Union of iwe na-agbachitere ihe atụ). Na January 1923, mbụ nzuko nke otu, Hitler ẹkenịmde a ememe nke nmeju-aka nke ọkọlọtọ nke NSDAP. Mgbe ahụ, e ndị Nazi akara. Mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke nzuko gafere mbụ torchlight edikan nke puku mmadụ isii SA stormtroopers. Na ọdịda nke otu ama ama karịa 55 puku ndị mmadụ.

Akwadebe weghara ụwa

Na February 1925 mmalite ọzọ machibidoro iwu na-ebipụta mbụ akwụkwọ akụkọ - ngwa ndị Nazi Party - "Volkischer Beobachter". Mgbe ahụ Hitler mere otu n'ime ndị ya ihe ịga nke ọma mbụ - ya n'akụkụ kpaliri Goebbels, onye tọrọ ntọala "Angrif" magazine. Ke adianade do, NSDAP nwere ohere iji sụgharịa ha n'ọnụ ọmụmụ na "National Socialist kwa ọnwa". Na July 1926, na Weimar Congress nke Nazi Party, Hitler kpebiri ịgbanwe ihe party si eme.

Kama-eyi ọha egwu ụzọ nke mgba megide na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide, ọ tụrụ aro ka afanyekwa niile ndutịm akụkụ, hoputara na Reichstag na na steeti nzuko omeiwu. O nwere ka a mere, n'ezie, enweghị ime ka nke anya nke isi ihe mgbaru ọsọ - na nditre Ọchịchị Kọmunist na idegharị Versailles Treaty mkpebi.

isi obodo mkpọlite

All ụdị aghụghọ Hitler jisiri mmasị omume nke NSDAP na Germany, ndị kasị mkpa ego na ulo oru ọgụgụ. Party Trust na sonyeere ya n'ohu dị bosses ka Wilhelm Kappler, Emil Kirdorf, nchịkọta akụkọ mgbanwe akwụkwọ akụkọ Walther Funk, onyeisi oche nke Reichsbank Yalmar Shaht, na ọtụtụ n'ime ndị, na mgbakwunye na ya otu na-a ọma PR maka ndị mmadụ, ada n'ime party enweta ego nnukwu ichekwa ego. Na nsogbu mikwuo, enweghị ọrụ na-eto n'ekweghị ngụgụ, na Social Democrats mere ziri ezi ndị mmadụ obi ike. Ọtụtụ na-elekọta mmadụ dị iche iche adịkwa n'ala, ebube nke ntọala nke na ha adị.

Obere na-emepụta na-achọsi, na-ekwu na ọchịchị nke ochichi onye kwuo uche na ha nsogbu. Ọtụtụ hụrụ a ụzọ na nke a ọnọdụ, naanị ike ike na onye ọzọ ọchịchị. Ndị a chọrọ na ọchịchọ obi sonyeere bankers, na ndị ọchụnta ego nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ, inye nkwado ego NSDAP na ntuli aka mkpọsa. All metụtara nke a ọzọ na ya onwe ya na Hitler mba dum na onye na-achụso. N'ihi na ndị ọgaranya, ọ bụ isi protivokommunistichesky mgbochi. Na July 1932 mbụ pụta nọ na-mara ọkwa: 230 oche ke Reichstag ntuli aka megide 133 na Social Democrats na ọchịchị Kọmunist 89.

unit

Dị ka akụkụ nke ọzọ na 1944, e nwere ndị na itoolu Angeschlossene Verbände - adjoint ịlụ, asaa Gliederungen der Partei - party nkewa na anọ na otu. Ịlụ na sonyeere Nazi Party, esịnede ọkàiwu, ndị nkụzi, bekee, ndị dọkịta, technicians, n'otu aka mmadụ ndị agha, na-elekọta mmadụ ọdịmma otu oru n'ihu na mmekorita agbachitere. Ha bụ ndị na Ọdịdị nke otu nọọrọ onwe ha na òtù na iwu ikike na ihe onwunwe.

Political otu ke Germany nwere nkeji: Hitler, ndị SS (nche agha), na SA (ifufe troopers), German ụmụ agbọghọ ịlụ, professors, ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị inyom (NS-Frauenschaft), ígwè agha. Organizations na sonyeere party nke Adolf Hitler, na-jupụtara, ma ọ bụghị kwa nnukwu, ọ bụ: Company Culture, Union of nnukwu ezinụlọ, German obodo (Deutscher Gemeindetag) na "Ọrụ nke German inyom" (Das Deutsche Frauenwerk).

ndutịm nkewa

Germany e kewara iri atọ na atọ Gaue - party ebe, coinciding na constituencies. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ha oge na-aga: 1941 na ọ bụ 43 Gow, plus mba ọzọ nzukọ nke NSDAP. Gau kewara distrikti, na ndị - na obodo alaka, wdg - na cell blocks. Na ngọngọ na-jikọtara 60 ụlọ.

Onye ọ bụla ọzọ nzukọ unit gawa site Gauleiter, krayslyayter na dị ka. On n'ala e kere, karị, nke otu ngwa, ndị ọchịchị na-Insignia, ọkwá na udi, nke icho mma Nazi akara. Agba buttonholes kwuru na otu na ọnọdụ n'ime nzukọ.

alaka

NSDAP irubere bụghị naanị na ha nwere otu òtù, ma ọzọ na òtù ke Germany na-arụ ná mba. Na Italy, ruo 1943 , Benito Mussolini duru National Fascist Party (kweere na-ku n'aka nke fasizim bụ nnọọ e), mgbe ahụ ghọọ a Republican Fascist Party. Na Spain, e nwere kpamkpam dabere na NSDAP Spanish phalange.

Ọzọkwa arụ ọrụ yiri òtù na Slovakia, Romania, Croatia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Netherlands, Norway. Na Belgium na Denmark nọ n'ụzọ nkịtị nke NSDAP itieutom na ókèala ya, ọbụna Nazi akara idako fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam. Ọ ga-kwuru na ndị a niile na-ekwu, ebe kere Nazi Party, sonye Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na n'akụkụ nke Germany, na Soviet n'agha ọtụtụ ndị nnọchianya si niile nke mba ndị a.

meriri

The adabere n'ihe ụfọdụ ọ chịlie aka elu nke 1945 gwụsịa kasị obi ọjọọ nke niile ọzọ mgbe emepụta site kpọrọ mmadụ. NSDAP bụghị naanị etisasịwo ma ala iwu, na ihe onwunwe na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu jide, ikpe ọnwụ ma gbuo ndị ndú. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị òtù party ka lanahụrụ ka South America, na Spanish gọvanọ Franco aka na nke a site na-enye na ụgbọ mmiri, na ego.

Mkpebi nke mgbochi onye fasizim mmekota nke Germany n'ụzọ zuru ezu agbanweela usoro nke denazification, ifịk ifịk òtù nke NSDAP na-enyocha akpan akpan: mgbasa si management ma ọ bụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ - na ọ bụ nnọọ obere price iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka ihe o mere n'ala fasizim.

ndị agha oge

Na Germany na 1964, fasizim welitere isi ya ọzọ. Ọ pụtara Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands - National Democratic Party nke Germany, nke positioned ya na nọchiri na NSDAP. N'ihi na oge mbụ ebe ọ bụ na Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị neo-Nazi bịakwutere Bundestag - 4.3% na 1969 ntuli aka. Ruo mgbe NPD na Germany bụ neo-Nazi na ndị ọzọ na-akụziri, Socialist Reich Party Remer, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ma ọ ga-ahụ kwuru ịrịba results, onye ọ bụla nke ha na-enweta na gọọmenti etiti larịị.