Nitrogen - ihe bụ ihe na stof? Na ụdị na Njirimara nke nitrogen

Nitrogen - a maara nke ọma chemical mmewere, nke a na kpọrọ akwụkwọ ozi N. a mmewere bụ eleghị anya na ndabere nke inorganic onwu, ọ na-amalite na-amụ na zuru ezu ọbụna 8th ọkwa. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-ele anya na nke chemical mmewere na ya Njirimara na ụdị.

History nke chọpụtara a chemical mmewere

Nitrogen - ihe mmewere nke akpa ẹkenam site ama French mmiri ọgwụ Antuanom Lavuaze. Ma, n'ihi na aha chọpụtara nitrogen na-alụ ọgụ ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta, n'etiti ha Henry Cavendish, Carl Scheele, Daniel Rutherford.

Henry Cavendish dị ka a n'ihi nke ahụmahụ nke mbụ chemical mmewere mata, ma na-aghọtaghị na ọ bụ a mfe. About ahụmahụ ya, ọ sịrị ka Joseph Priestley, bụ ndị na-wee site a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọmụmụ. Eleghị anya, kwa, Priestley ịga nke ọma na-akpa iche mmewere, ma ọkà mmụta sayensị na-adịghị aghọta ihe ọ bụ, mere mere kwesịrị aha ọsụ ụzọ. Carl Scheele n'out oge na ha rụrụ otu nnyocha, ma ọ bụghị na-ezi ọgwụgwụ.

N'otu afọ Daniel Rezerford bụ ike ọ bụghị naanị na-nitrogen, ma na-akọwa ya, na-ebipụta na dissertation na ezipụta na isi chemical Njirimara nke mmewere. Ọbụna Rutherford ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ na-aghọtaghị ihe ọ natara. Otú ọ dị, ọ na a na-ewere a ọsụ ụzọ n'ihi na ọ bụ ezigbo a ngwọta.

Mmalite nke nitrogen aha

Site Greek "nitrogen" na-sụgharịrị dị ka "na-adịghị ndụ". Ọ bụ Lavoisier arụ ọrụ na nomenclature iwu na kpebiri ịkpọ ya ihe mmewere. Na narị afọ nke 18 banyere nke a mmewere ya bụ naanị a mara na ya anaghị akwado ọ bụla combustion Jeremaya mere, ọ dịghị ume. Ya mere, aha a were.

Na Latin nitrogen na-akpọ "nitrogenium", nke pụtara "na-amụ nwa nitrate." Site Latin na nitrogen pụtara na akara - akwụkwọ ozi N. Ma aha n'ọtụtụ mba ọ arapara.

Njupụta nke mmewere

Nitrogen - nke a bụ eleghị anya, otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ukwuu n'eluigwe na ụwa na mbara ala, ọ bụ nke anọ kasị nkịtị. The mmewere na-hụrụ na anyanwụ ikuku na mbara ala Uranus na Neptune. Ọ mejupụtara nitrogen ikuku Titan Pluto na Triton. Ke adianade do, Ụwa ikuku bụ na 78-79 percent nke a chemical mmewere.

Nitrogen na-arụ ihe dị mkpa ndu ọrụ, n'ihi na ọ dị mkpa maka ịdị adị nke osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ. Ọbụna mmadụ nwere si 2 to 3 percent nke chemical mmewere. Esịne ke chlorophyll, amino asịd, ndi na-edozi, nucleic asịd.

mmiri mmiri nitrogen

Liquid nitrogen - a colorless uzo mmiri mmiri, ọ bụ otu nke na-ekwu nke aggregation nke chemical umi. Liquid nitrogen na ọtụtụ-eji ụlọ ọrụ, na-ewu na ọgwụ. Ọ na-eji maka oyi nke organic ihe, obi jụrụ ngwá, na na nkà mmụta ọgwụ maka iwepụ waatị (aesthetic na nkà mmụta ọgwụ).

Liquid nitrogen bụ ndị na-abụghị na-egbu egbu ma na-abụghị na-agbawa agbawa.

molekụla nitrogen

Molekụla nitrogen - bụ ihe mmewere na-ẹdude ke ikuku nke mbara ala anyị na Nleta a akụkụ buru ibu nke ya. Formula molekụla nitrogen - N _^2. Nke a nitrogen mkpatụ na ndị ọzọ chemical ọcha ma ọ bụ ogige naanị na nnọọ elu okpomọkụ.

nkịtị Njirimara

N'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ ndị chemical mmewere nitrogen - a gas nke na-enweghị isi, na agba, na ihe fọrọ unyi anaghị agbasa na mmiri. Nitrogen mmiri mmiri na ya anọgidesi echetara anyị mmiri, a doro anya na colorless. Y na-nitrogen ọzọ nchịkọta ala, na okpomọkụ dị n'okpuru -210 degrees ọ na-enyo n'ime a siri ike ahụ, ọ Nleta ọtụtụ nnukwu ọcha kristal. Ọ na-amịkọrọ oxygen site n'ikuku.

chemical Njirimara

Nitrogen-akọ a nonmetallic ìgwè na adopts Njirimara nke ọzọ chemical ọcha na otu. Dị ka a n'ozuzu na-achị, ndị na-abụghị ọla na-abụghị ezi na-eduzi nke eletrik. Nitrogen forms iche iche oxides dị NO (monookisid). NO ma ọ bụ a nitric oxide bụ a muscle relaxant (àkù nke budata-eme ka uru ahụ ma si otú ọ dịghị emebi obosara na ndị ọzọ mmetụta na ahụ mmadụ). Oxides, nke nwere ihe nitrogen atọm, e.g., N ₂ O - a na-achị ọchị gas, ubé ụtọ uto, nke na-eji na nkà mmụta ọgwụ dị ka onye ahu izizi. Otú ọ dị, NO ₂ bụghị oxide enweghị mmekọrita mbụ na nke abụọ, n'ihi na ọ bụ nnọọ ihe na-emerụ iyuzucha gas, nke a na-dị na ụgbọ ala iyuzucha na kpọrọ-emerụ ikuku.

Nitric acid, nke na-kpụrụ hydrogen atọm, nitrogen atọm na atọ oxygen, bụ a siri ike acid. Ọ na ọtụtụ-eji na mmepụta nke fatịlaịza, na ọla, organic njikọ, ndị agha ụlọ ọrụ (mmepụta nke explosives, propellants na sịntetik nsi), na mmepụta nke e ji esiji ákwà, pharmaceuticals na ndị ọzọ. The nitric acid bụ nnọọ na-emerụ ahụ mmadụ, na-ahapụ ọnyá afọ na chemical akpụkpọ Burns.

People eboro kwere na carbon dioxide - bụ nitrogen. N'ezie, dị ka ha na chemical Njirimara, mmewere mkpatụ na naanị a obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọcha n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ. A carbon dioxide - bụ carbon monoxide.

The ojiji nke a chemical mmewere

Nitrogen na mmiri mmiri ala na-eji na nkà mmụta ọgwụ maka ọgwụgwọ nke oyi (cryotherapy), nakwa dị ka na-esi nri dị ka a refrigerant.

Nke a na mmewere na-hụrụ mbara ngwa na ụlọ ọrụ. Nitrogen - a gas na bụ na-agbawa agbawa na inflammable. Ke adianade do, ọ na-egbochi ndị ire ere na ọxịdashọn. nitrogen ugbu a ji na mines ike a na-abụghị ndị ize ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Nitrogen gas e ji Petrochemical ụlọ ọrụ.

Na chemical ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị nitrogen akụzi nnọọ mfe. Ọ na-eji maka njikọ nke dị iche iche bekee na ogige, dị ka ụfọdụ fatịlaịza, amonia, na-agbawa agbawa, e ji esiji ákwà. Ugbu a nnukwu ego nke nitrogen eji maka njikọ nke amonia.

Na nri ụlọ ọrụ a umi na-aha dị ka a nri mmako.

A ngwakọta ma ọ bụ a dị ọcha umi?

Ọbụna ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nke mbụ ọkara narị afọ nke 18, bụ ndị jisiri anọrọ chemical mmewere chere na nitrogen - a ngwakọta. Ma, e nwere nnukwute ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị a echiche.

The dị ọcha ihe nwere a na-adịgide adịgide set nke Njirimara ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka mejupụtara, anụ ahụ na chemical Njirimara. A ngwakọta nke - a compound nke na-agụnye abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa chemical ọcha.

Ugbu a anyị maara na nitrogen - a dị ọcha umi, dị ka ọ bụ a chemical mmewere.

Na-amụ nke onwu ọ dị ezigbo mkpa na-aghọta na nitrogen bụ ihe ndabere nke niile onwu. Ọ Nleta dị iche iche ogige nke izute anyị niile, nke a na-achị ọchị gas na aja aja na gas, na amonia, na nitric acid. Sịkwa onwu na akwụkwọ-amalite na-amụ chemical mmewere nitrogen.