Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: biography, photos, odide, ruturu

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe bụ a German ede uri, a kpochapụwo nke ụwa akwụkwọ. A mụrụ na Frankfurt am Main, ochie German obodo, August 28, 1749. Ọ nwụrụ na afọ 83, March 22, 1832, n'obodo Weimar.

Goethe nna, Johann Caspar Goethe, a bara ọgaranya German burgher, jere ozi dị ka-enye Ndụmọdụ ka eze ukwu. Nne, nwa agadi uwe ojii - Catharina Elizabet Gete, nee Textor. Na 1750, Johann Goethe nwanne Cornelia mụrụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị nne na nna nwere ọtụtụ ụmụ, ma, n'ụzọ dị mwute, ha nile nwuru na nwa ọhụrụ.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von: a obere biography

The mma ikuku, ndị mara mma na nne àgwà kpughere a fantasy ụwa maka obere nwa. N'ihi ezinụlọ ọganihu we buru eze na ụlọ bụ mgbe a fun ikuku, gara site na a ọtụtụ egwuregwu, songs, akụkọ, ikwe ka nwa ịzụlite n'ụzọ nile. N'okpuru ike nlekọta nke nna ya dị ka n'oge dị ka afọ asatọ Goethe dere German na Latin moralizing okwu na isiokwu. Mmụọ nsọ site ịma mma nke okike, ọbụna na m gbalịrị na-akpọ a mma chi-achị ndị ọcha.

Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ndị French na-arụ, nke e kere ihe karịrị afọ abụọ, Frankfurt ma ọ bụrụ na a kpọtere ya ogologo slumber. Citizens kwuputela mmasị na ogbo, ọ na-emetụta ndị obere Johann: ọ gbalịrị dee a ọdachi na French style.

The ụlọ von Goethe bụ a mma n'ọbá akwụkwọ na nza nke akwụkwọ dị iche iche asụsụ, nke nyeere n'ọdịnihu dere ọma maara na akwụkwọ ndị ahụ na nwata. Ọ na-agụ Virgil na mbụ, o zutere na "Metamorphoses" na "Iliad." Goethe amụ ọtụtụ asụsụ. Ke adianade ala nna ya German, ọ bụ ya bụ aga were were n'ọnụ na French, Italy, Grik na Latin. O nwekwara nkwa ọmụmụ, aku fencing na anọkwasị n'elu ịnyịnya. A na nkà nwa okorobịa, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, onye biography bụ nnọọ imetosi, ihe ịga nke ọma ọ bụghị nanị na akwụkwọ, ma na-na iwu ọrụ.

Ọ na-amụ na University of Leipzig, ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na University of Strasbourg, a PhD na iwu. Ma iwu ọrụ mere na-adọta ya, ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpali mmasị na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, o mesịrị aku osteology na Mmebe.

Ịhụnanya mbụ na mbụ nke okike

Na 1772, Goethe zitere na-eme na iwu na Wetzlar, ebe ọ bụ na-amụ ikpe-eme nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom. E, o zutere Charlotte buff Bride, J. Kestner, Hanover Embassy odeakwụkwọ. Wolf dara na ịhụnanya na girl, ma ịghọta nzuzu nke ha nhụjuanya na hapụrụ obodo, na-ahapụ onye m hụrụ n'anya akwụkwọ ozi. N'oge na-adịghị a akwụkwọ ozi si n'aka Kestner Goethe mụtara na shot F. Ieruzalem, onye bụkwa na ịhụnanya na Charlotte buff.

Goethe ndịghe mere, ya onwe ya kwa, na-eche echiche igbu onwe ya. Site a ala nke ịda mbà n'obi mere ka ndị ya ọhụrụ na-enwe ntụrụndụ, ọ dara na ịhụnanya na-ada enyi ya, Maximilian Brentano, onye lụrụ. Goethe mere mgbalị dị ukwuu iji merie a mmetụta. N'ihi ya mụrụ "The újú nke Young Werther."

Na-amụ na Mahadum nke Leipzig, o zutere Kethen Shoynkopf da passionately na ịhụnanya. Iji merie uche nke ụmụ agbọghọ, ọ malitere ide na-akpa ọchị poems banyere ya. Nke a ọrụ masịrị ya, ọ malitere iji na-eṅomi uri of ọzọ na-ede uri. Dị ka ihe atụ, ngwaahịa nke ya ntochi Die Mitschuldigen, n'etiti poems Höllenfahrt Christi, na-enye mmụọ nke Cramer. Iogann Volfgang Gete-aga n'ihu na mma ya na-arụ ọrụ, o dere, na a Rococo style, ma ya style bụ ka o siri ike na anya.

na-aghọ

Ihe gbanwere ọrụ Goethe nwere ike-atụle ya mmata na enyi Garderen. Ọ Garder mmetụta àgwà nke Goethe ka omenala na uri. Na Strasbourg Wolfgang Goethe osobo ihe aspiring edemede na Wagner Lenz. Nwere mmasị na mpako na uri. M ụtọ na-agụ Ossian, Shakespeare, Homer. Jikọrọ ke omume nke iwu, Goethe aka iso nditetịm na-arụ ọrụ ma edemede ubi.

Weimar

Na 1775, Goethe bịara mata na Duke nke Weimar, na Crown Prince of Saxony Karl August. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke n'otu afọ ahụ ọ kwagara Weimar, ebe mesịakwa ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ ná ndụ ya. Ke akpa isua nke ndụ ya na Weimar, ọ bụ ifịk ifịk ke mmepe nke duchy. Ọ malitere na-edu ndị agha osisi, ụzọ-ụlọ ọrụ. N'otu oge ahụ, o dere ihe nkiri bụ "Iphigenia na Tauris" na play "Egmont", malitere ọrụ na "nwetaghachi." N'etiti ọrụ nile nke oge, ị nwere ike nye akara na ọ dị ka a ballad na "Poems na Lida."

N'oge French mgbanwe na Franco-Prussian War, ọtụtụ Goethe wezugara onwe-ya si na akwụkwọ, ya mmasị were eke sayensị. Ọ ọbụna mere a chọpụtara na Mmebe na 1784, na-emeghe a mmadụ intermaxillary ọkpụkpụ.

mmetụta nke Schiller

Site 1786 na 1788 Goethe gaa Italy, nke na-apụta ìhè n'ọrụ ya dị ka ihe epoch nke classicism. Back na Weimar, o wezugara onwe-ya si na ikpe. Ma a biri ndụ Goethe abịaghị ozugbo, ọ bụ ma oge njem. Gara Venice, na Duke nke Weimar bụ na Breslau, ọ na-aka na a agha megide Napoleon. Na 1794 ọ ghọrọ ịmata Fridrihom Shillerom, nyeere ya aka na mbipụta nke magazine "Ora". Ha nkwurịta okwu na nkwonkwo banyere atụmatụ nyere Goethe ọhụrụ kee ihe mkpali, ya mere, ha na nkwonkwo ọrụ Xenien, bipụtara na 1796.

Nkekọ alụmdi na nwunye, ma ọ bụ ọzọ akwụkwọ

N'otu oge Goethe na ya bi a nwa agbọghọ na-arụ ọrụ a ifuru ahịa, Christiane Vilpius. Obodo dum ndịghe Weimar mmekọahụ nke di na nwunye n'oge ahụ ihe nke ahụ nkịtị. Naanị na October 1806, ọ banyere alụmdi na nwunye na ya hụrụ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Nwunye ya Christiane Vulpius na oge na-mụụrụ ya ọtụtụ ụmụ, ma ihe niile ma Augustus, Goethe mbụ nwa akpa. Augustus na nwunye ya, Otilia ụmụ atọ, ma ọ dịghị nke ha na-lụrụ di na nwunye, nke mere na ụdị Goethe kwụsịrị na 1831, mgbe na Rome ọnwụ nke nwa-ya August.

The mbụ dị mkpa ọrụ Goethe ike deere na 1773. Ya ejije Gottfried von Berlichingen mit der eisernen Hand mere agaghị echefu na ya dịkọrọ ndụ. N'ọrụ a Goethe ya n'ụzọ na-atụghị anya n'akuku image nke a fighter na-elekọta mmadụ ịha nhata na ikpe ziri ezi, a pụtara ahụkarị image na akwụkwọ nke oge ahụ. Dike ọrụ, Goetz von Berlichingen - Knight, enweghị obi ụtọ na ọnọdụ na mba. Ya mere, o kpebiri amalite nsogbu nke nkịtị, ma mgbe ihe were a siri n'aka, wee si na ya. The iwu guzosie ike, dị ike amamihe mmegharị kọwara na ejije ka arbitrariness na ọgba aghara. Final Act: dike okụt nnwere onwe ọnwụ, ihe ikpeazụ o kwuru: "Good-bye, hụrụ n'anya! The mgbọrọgwụ nke m podrubleny, ịmanye m ịhapụ. Oh, ihe a eluigwe ikuku! Freedom, nnwere onwe! "

Ihe mere maka ide a ọhụrụ ọrụ, "nhoputa Affinities" bụ ọhụrụ craze Goethe - Minna Hertslib. Enwe ime mmụọ ọzọ ojuju, ọ gara Carlsbad, ebe ọ malitere ide nchụàjà. The aha o biiri si onwu, okwu pụtara a random onu nke ike ndọda. Goethe egosiwo na ihe nke eke iwu na-anara bụghị naanị na onwu kamakwa ndị mmadụ na ibe ma ọ bụ kama, na ịhụnanya. Na-adị kwa ụbọchị ndụ, ihe niile nwere a pụrụ iche atụ uru nakwa nchụàjà miri nkà ihe ọmụma reflections jikọtara na mfe nke ndụ kwa ụbọchị.

Goethe creativity

In "Iphigenia" ejije oyokop ike-enwe mmetụta Homer. Orestes, Iphigenia bụ nwanne na enyi ya Pylades abata na Tauris. Na Oreste nwere ike ele ihe yie Goethe onwe ya. Makụọ nchegbu, chụpụrụ site Ajọ furies, onye hụrụ Olympians ọjọọ e kere eke, Orest na-enwe olileanya ịchọta udo na ogwe aka nke ọnwụ. Iphigenia, ịzọpụta nwanne ya na enyi ya, bụ ndị e ikpe ọnwụ, na-enye ya akara aka na-aka nke eze Tauris Toan. Àjà ya atones maka ya n'ọbụbụ ọnụ nke Tantalus na ụmụ ya maka willfulness. Ọzọkwa ya edinam ọ na-agwọ na nwanne, dị ka mmelite, soothes mkpụrụ obi ya. N'ihi ya, Orestes aga ka Iphigenia, jụ onwe ya a kara aka.

zuru okè ihe e kere eke

Na 1774, Iogann Volfgang Gete dere a akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ozi, "The újú nke Young Werther." Ọtụtụ ndị kweere na ọ bụ ihe kasị zuru okè e kere eke, na-ede akwụkwọ ahụ wetaara zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ama na ebube. Na-arụ ọrụ a, kwuru na esemokwu nke ụwa na nwoke, na mberede na-eto n'ime a akụkọ ịhụnanya. Werther - a nwata nwoke na-adịghị ekweta na burgher ndụ na iwu na-achị na Germany. Dị ka Getsu ndabere Berlihingenu, Werther ịma aka usoro. Ọ chọrọ ịghọ sycophantic, meere okomoko na nwoke mpako, ọ dị mma na-anwụ anwụ. N'ihi ya, ihunanya, ike-ụwa agwụkwa mmadụ bibiri ebibi, niile mgbalị iji chebe ihe oyiyi ya chepụtara echepụta, ezigbo ụwa okuku.

In "Roman Elegies" Goethe jupụtara n'ọṅụ na ikpere arụsị, na-egosi ha udo na omenala nke ochie. The protagonist bụ ọdịnaya niile i nwere ike ime ná ndụ, ọ dịghị agụụ maka apụghị iru, ọ dịghị renunciation nke uche nke ha. Na-ede na-egosi niile ọṅụ na sensuality nke ịhụnanya, nke na-akọwara bụghị dị ka ihe irresistible ike, na-eweta a onye nso ọnwụ, ma dị ka ihe na-eme ka ike nke agbatị na ala.

Torquato Tasso

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe na 1790 dere a ejije banyere nsogbu nke abụọ dị iche iche ndị mmadụ - Torquato Tasso. The edinam ejije na-edoziri na ikpe nke Duke nke Ferrara. Heroes - na-ede uri Tasso, onye na-adịghị chọrọ idozi iwu na omenala nke ogige, na-anaghị anabata omenala ha na Antonio ikpe, nke, na Kama nke ahụ, n'afọ ofufo ndị a iwu ndị a. All mgbalị nke Tasso nupụrụ uche nke ogige, na-egosi ya onwe biri na odida, ike kwara ya. N'ihi ya, Tasso ghotara amamihe na ahụmahụ nke ndụ, Antonio: "Ya mere, oké nkume grabs a na-egwu mmiri, nke na-egwu na-agbaji ya."

About William

Ụfọdụ ọrụ nke Johann Wolfgang von Goethe chọrọ na-egosi na ha kacha mma na ihe ndị mmadụ nwere ike jụ. Nke a bụ ịhụnanya, na okpukpe, na nnwere onwe nke uche. Na ngwaahịa "Afọ Wilhelm Meister" Goethe-egosi na isi agwa, enịm ke mkpofu nke nzuzo mmekorita. Nwa nke a n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya nke burghers Wilhelm jụrụ omee ji ọrụ, naanị-ekwe omume na-onwe ha na a feudal gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ na-atụle ya ọrụ dị ka a onwe-abụkwa ọchịchọ àgwà feudal eziokwu, ọchịchọ ebili. N'ihi ya, na-enye ha kpọrọ ihe nrọ, na-egosi ụjọ na-esi merie nganga, William abatakwa n'ime a nzuzo mmekorita. Ndị a ma ama, na-ahazi a nzuzo otu, esonyerela ndị na-atụ egwu nke mgbanwe ọchịchị, ọ bụla mgbanwe ke guzosie ike burgher ndụ.

The mgba nke Netherlands na Spanish na-achị bụ ihe ndabere maka ọdachi "Egmont". The isi agwa na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe nke mba, na-ahapụ ịhụnanya ahụmahụ n'ime ndabere, akụkọ ihe mere eme ga-aghọ ihe dị mkpa karịa uche akara aka. Egmont enye niile gaa ha onwe ha ụzọ, na-emecha na-anwụ anwụ n'ihi na akpachapụghị anya àgwà ihe na-eme.

nwetaghachi

Ma ndị kasị ama na-arụ ọrụ, nke Johann Wolfgang von Goethe dere, sị ná ndụ ya niile, bụ "nwetaghachi". Urfaust, a ụdị okwu mmalite "nwetaghachi," Goethe dere 1774-1775, karị. Na nke a, onye na-ede akwụkwọ nke echiche ka ajar, nwetaghachi - nnupụisi, na-agbalị na-enweghị isi banye n'ime ihe nzuzo nke uwa, bilie n'elu gburugburu ụwa. Ndị na-esonụ kwuru e bipụtara na 1790, na na na 1800, e nwere a mmeghe ọrụ "nke elu-igwe", nke nyere ihe ndekọ nke ejije na anyị na-ahụ ugbu a. Nwetaghachi atụmatụ na-akwali, n'ihi na ọ banyere esemokwu Chineke na Mephistopheles. Chineke buru amụma banyere nwetaghachi nzọpụta, ebe ọ bụla na-achọ nwere ike ime ka a ndudue.

Akụkụ mbụ

Tupu anyị na-ihe mgbaru ọsọ kasịnụ nke ndụ ya, Iogann Gete nwetaghachi kwadebeere ruo a usoro nke ule. The mbụ ule bụ ịhụnanya nke a ụtọ Gretchen Filistia. Ma nwetaghachi chọghị-agbụ site nkekọ ezinụlọ, na-amachi ụfọdụ osisi na-achụpụ m hụrụ n'anya. Na miri emi obi nkoropụ Gretchen egbu a mụrụ ọhụrụ na-anwụ anwụ onwe ya. Ya mere Wolfgang von Goethe-egosi otú ịchụso grandiose atụmatụ, na-eleghara anya nke ha onwe ha mmetụta na echiche nke ndị mmadụ na ị nwere ike ime ka ndị dị mwute na ya pụta.

Akụkụ nke abụọ

Nke abụọ isi ike bụ njikọ nke nwetaghachi na Helena. Na onyinyo nke iju osisi, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a maa mma Greek nwaanyị, ọ na-eji nkenke oge okụt udo. Ma nke a adịghị akwụsị. The akụkụ nke abụọ nke "nwetaghachi" okwu, Gothic oyiyi nyere ụzọ oge ochie Greek oge. The edinam kwagara Greece, nke dị n'ụdị ihe oyiyi, ileghara akụkọ ifo motifs. The akụkụ nke abụọ nke ọrụ - a ụdị collection nke ihe ọmụma banyere nke Iogann Gete nwere echiche ná ndụ m. E nwere a echiche na nkà ihe ọmụma, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị.

Hapụrụ okwukwe na ndị ọzọ n'ụwa, o kpebie ijere ọha mmadụ, ume ha ume na ọchịchọ. Kpebisiri ike ezigbo ala nke free ndị mmadụ, ọ na-amalite a magburu ụlọ ala agbapụtawo ndị si n'oké osimiri. Ma ụfọdụ ndị agha na mberede akpọlitela ha, na-agbalị ka ha kwụsị ya. Mephistopheles, na guise nke ahịa flotilla ọchịagha, ihe megidere uche nke nwetaghachi egbu abụọ ndị agadi, onye bịara mmasị. Nwetaghachi, maa jijiji-eru uju, ma ọ dịghị akwụsị ikwere na ha ideals na ruo mgbe ọnwụ ya na-aga n'ihu na-ewu a steeti free ndị mmadụ. Ke akpatre idaha nwetaghachi mkpụrụ obi ọdọk aka heaven site mmụọ ozi.

Legend of nwetaghachi

The ndabere maka ibé ọdachi "nwetaghachi" aghọwo a akụkọ, nkịtị na ochie Europe. Ọ kwuru banyere Johann nwetaghachi, a dọkịta ndị mere a mmeko na ekwensu ya onwe ya, na-ekwe nkwa ya nzuzo ihe ọmụma, site nke ọ bụla metal nwere ike ghọọ gold. Na nke a ejije nke Goethe aghụghọ gbagọrọ sayensị na nkà imewe. Akụkụ mbụ "nwetaghachi" yiri a ọdachi na-omimi jupụtara abụọ, ibé tụfuru anọgidesi na-agafere enweghi ngwụcha eluigwe na ala.

Goethe biography-ekwu na o dechara ọrụ ya dum ndụ July 22, 1831, akara odide na nwere na-emeghe envelopu mgbe ọnwụ ya. "Nwetaghachi" e dere fọrọ nke nta ka iri afọ. Ulo oru n'oge "Sturm und Drang" na German akwụkwọ, na okokụre na ịhụnanya oge, ọ gosipụtara niile mgbanwe weere ọnọdụ ha ná ndụ na-arụ ọrụ nke na-ede uri.

iche na ha dịkọrọ ndụ

Dịkọrọ ndụ nke na-ede uri si mesoo ya nnọọ ambiguous, ukwuu ọma gara ọrụ ya "The újú nke Young Werther." Roman were, ma ụfọdụ ndị nkụzi kpebiri na ya na-ekwusa na enweghị nchekwube na enweghị mmasị. Banyere "Iphigenia" na-ama iwe na-azụ, na-ekwere na ya nwa akwụkwọ kwa je classicism. Ndị dere eto eto German ahụghị na ọrụ nke Goethe, onye kwuo uche na-emesapụ aka na echiche, anyị kpebiri imebi ya dị ka onye edemede, nke nwere ike na-n'anya abụba na achọ ọdịmma onwe ha. N'ihi ya, mmasị na Goethe nloghachi ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke iri na itoolu na narị afọ. Nyere aka na Burda Gundolf na ndị ọzọ mepere mbubreyo ọrụ Goethe.

Ka na-ewu ewu na-eme ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri nduzi na-kere eke na kere Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, ka e si nweta ọrụ ya bụ mkpa na anyị oge. German onye so dee na-ede uri, thinker na statesman bụ nke mmasị ọ bụghị naanị ndị obodo ya ma na-agụ na gburugburu ụwa.

Russian Goethe

Na Russia, mbụ nsụgharị nke Goethe pụtara na 1781 ozugbo kpaliri oké mmasị na-arụ ọrụ nke onye so dee. Ọ na-enwe mmasị n'ebe site Karamzin, Radishchev na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Novikov na ya "akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Drama" gụnyere Goethe, otu nke kasị ukwuu playwrights nke West. Esemokwu na nwere bilitere gburugburu Goethe, mere na-aga hụrụ na Russia. Na 1830s, o bipụtara sụgharịa Russian akwụkwọ Menzel, na nke o nyere a na-ezighị ezi omume Goethe creativity. N'oge na-adịghị Belinsky zara nkatọ a na ya n'isiokwu. Ọ sịrị na ubiere Menzel ọla na obi ike. Ọ bụ ezie na e mesịrị Belinsky o kwetara na ọ dịghị ọha ọrụ nke Goethe na akụkọ ihe mere ọcha, nnabata nke eziokwu-adị irè.

Ihe na-akpali biography nke Goethe ekwughị niile oge nke ya kemmeeme ndụ. Ọtụtụ akụkụ-anọgide edoghị ruo ugbu a. Ka ihe atụ, site na 1807 ka 1811 Goethe nwere a mkparịta ụka na Bettina von Arnim. A mmekọrịta na-kọwara na Kundera si "Anwụghị anwụ" akwụkwọ. Mmekorita kwụsịrị mgbe esemokwu Bettina von Arnim na Goethe nwunye, Christiane Vulpius. Ọ kwesịkwara kwuru na Iogann Gete Bettina bụ okenye site afọ 36.

nketa

N'etiti Goethe enọ nwere ike mata Grand Cross nke Order of Civil Enen okpueze nke Bavaria, na Order of St. Anne nke akpa ntaifiọk, na Grand Cross nke Legion nke Honor, Ọchịagha nke Cross nke Imperial Austrian Order of Leopold. N'etiti ihe nketa ahụ hapụrụ Johann Wolfgang von Goethe - photos, foto na-oyiyi-ya, na nkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ, ọtụtụ ncheta ma na Germany na gburugburu ụwa. Ma, n'ezie, ihe kacha mkpa bụ ya ọrụ odide, ada site ọrụ nke ndụ ya - "nwetaghachi".

Goethe ọrụ sụgharịa Russian Griboyedov na Bruce, na Grigoriev Z. Ọbụna ochie nke Russian akwụkwọ dị ka Tolstoy, Tiutchev, Fet, Kochetkov, Lermontov, Pasternak alaghị azụ ịsụgharị ọrụ nke oké German ede uri.

Ọtụtụ biographers nwere mmasị na-ọrụ nke Goethe, ọ na-ekwu esịtidem gbawara n'etiti. Nke a bụ karịsịa kwesiri ngosi na oge nke ihe mberede mgbanwe site na-eto eto na Johann Wolfgang, a na-enupu isi na a maximalist, a gasịrị, matured. Mgbe e mesịrị, mmụọ nsọ site Goethe ọrụ ahụmahụ, afọ nke deliberation, jupụtara amamihe ụwa, nke bụ ihe e ji mara nke-eto eto.

Na 1930, Hamburg, a nzuko raara nye ndị mere na nchepụta nke art. Reports na-agụ nke ohere na oge, bụ ndị dị nnọọ obi arụmụka, ọ bụ a otutu arụmụka. Ma gịnị bụ ihe kasị eju anya - niile ndị ọkà okwu mgbe niile kwuru na-arụ ọrụ nke Goethe, hotara dere ọrụ ya. N'ezie, ọ na-ahụ kwuru na mgbe a na narị afọ nke ọ na-adịghị echefu echefu. Ọrụ ya dị nnọọ ewu ewu na ụbọchị anyị, dị nnọọ ka oké ifufe nke obi ụtọ. Mmadụ pụrụ mmasị na ya, ụfọdụ na-eme, kama ọ bụ omume na-anọgide na-enweghị mmasị.