Kol nke Ukraine. Kol Ngwuputa na Ukraine. A ton nke coal: na price

Kol bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ike akụ nke Ukraine, nke ike-ewere dị ka engine nke ya aku na uba. The ugbu a ala nke coal ụlọ ọrụ bụ nnọọ oké egwu na-achọ na-akwado jikoro. N'isiokwu a na Ọdịdị nke ụlọ ọrụ, na-ekwu banyere mbupụ na mbubata nke Ukrainian coal, ya mee, nakwa dị ka ihe analysis nke isi nsogbu ẹdude na mba nke mines.

Kol ka a nkwa nke aku onwe

Ukrainian Kol bụ naanị ume isi iyi ga-enye mba zuru ezu quantities. Kol ụlọ ọrụ enyene a nnukwu oke na Ọdịdị nke manu na ume mgbagwoju na budata emetụta ala nke aku na uba dị ka a dum. The abawanye na profitability nke a oru na-eme ka ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nwere nke Ukraine. Na n'oge ọdụdọ na ike ahịa na-na-ata ahụhụ dum coal ụlọ ọrụ na metụtara ọrụ.

The profitability nke coal ụlọ ọrụ

Emepụta Donets Basin coal nwere a elu na-eri. Nke a bụ n'ihi na a nnukwu omimi nke n'ígwé na ala ike inweta. High-akwụ ụgwọ ndị n'ụzọ ala profitability nke coal ụlọ ọrụ. Ụlọ ọrụ na-ọzọ uru, economists nwere ike ikwu na-achọ ohere iji mụbaa ya apụghị iru na belata ịnweta ego na mmanụ na-akwụ ụgwọ. The coal ụlọ ọrụ na-atụle ga-eri-irè ma ọ bụrụ na ego ha ga enweta site na coal sales gafere na-eri nke na-erughị 16%. Fọrọ nke nta niile nke Donbass mines adịghị izute a chọrọ, na ụfọdụ ndị ọkachamara kweere ga-ekpuchi.

Na-egwupụta coal na Ukraine

Na Ukraine e nwere banyere 150 mines, 90% nke ha na-emi odude ke ikpehe Donbass. On ya n'ókèala e nwere banyere 100 ọrụ mines, adịrị ike na elu-edu coking coal, 14 mines nwere ọnọdụ nọọrọ onwe ha ala-ekesịpde ụlọ ọrụ, na 28 coal ụlọ ọrụ na-nwe.

Lvov-Volyn efere enyene banyere 10 puku sq. Km. The coal mee nọ n'ógbè ndị bụ obere, n'ihi ya, si 15 ọrụ mines na-ndokwa na-ahapụ naanị 2. The kasị ibu ego nke aja aja coal na Ternopil na Zakarpattya mpaghara, nakwa dị ka na ókèala Pridneprovsk lignite efere. Na Dnepropetrovsk mpaghara, e nwere abụọ coal ụlọ ọrụ: DTEK na Pavlogradugol, mkpofu nke nke e nwere 10 mines. More karịa 40 na-egwupụta coal emi odude ke Lugansk mpaghara. Na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi na ihe siri ike ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na Ukraine, ụfọdụ m na-ere nye ogologo oge leases ka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu.

Kol mee na Ukraine

Dị ka akwukwo data, Ukraine nwere 33,873 ijeri metric tọn coal mee, nke na-aghọ 3.9% nke ụwa mee. N'ime ndị a, 15,351 nde tọn bụ Anthracite na bituminous coal, ndị ọzọ - lignite, ma ọ bụ aja aja coal. Maka nyocha na analysis ọkachamara Ukraine nwere ezu mee n'ihi na ndị a 460 afọ.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ebuka n'ime ókèala Donetsk, Pridneprovsk na Lviv-Volyn efere na a bukwanu omimi. Inventories nke ẹdude mines ajụjụ maka 6.1 ijeri tọn, nke karịrị ọkara dara na Anthracite, na ndị fọdụrụ - maka coking coal.

Ụdị nke coal mined

Na ókèala nke Ukraine na-arụpụta atọ ụdị coal: lignite, coal na Anthracite. Brown ụgha na a omimi nke 1 km na-anọchi anya a eke guzobere nwụrụ anwụ organic residues ịda n'okpuru mmetụta ibu na elu okpomọkụ. Ọ e ji a dịtụ ala combustion okpomọkụ ruru akwa mmiri ọdịnaya (banyere 40%). Ọkara nke ya mejupụtara etolite obodo bekee.

Kol a na-ewere na-akpa ụdị fosil fuels. Ya iji emewo ka ulo oru mgbanwe, nke a mụrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke coal ụlọ ọrụ. Kol nwere ọtụtụ obere mmiri (banyere 10%), na-akpata a nnukwu kalori na elu combustion okpomọkụ. Volatiles etolite 32% of ya mejupụtara, otú ahụ coal na-amụnyewo ọma. N'ígwé nke mmanu ndi mere onwe na ịdị omimi nke banyere 3 km. Kol na-mined na Ukraine na mines nke Donetsk na Lugansk mpaghara.

Anthracite coal bụ ihe kasị mma ọkwa. O dere fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam nke carbon. Anthracite e ji elu calorific uru na elu electric conductivity. Ma ruru ya mejupụtara, ọ bụ ka ogbonye flammable. Nke a na ụdị coal bụ na a omimi nke 6 km. Ọwọrọ Anthracite ego na-emi odude ke ugwu ma ọ bụ n'ebe ndị ọzọ na-doro ike mmegharị nke ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ.

Eri nke coal na Ukraine

Ihu ọma, na price nke coal a kpụrụ-ewere n'ime akaụntụ ndị na-esonụ ihe:

• eke - Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe na mpaghara, ọnọdụ nke ubi, na teknuzu e ji mara obodo coal onuete ọkpụrụkpụ na omimi na ndị ọzọ geological ọnọdụ;
• mmepụta - ihe isi nke Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ, pụrụ iche na ngwá na technology.

N'ihi ya, ndị ọkachamara na-atụ anya n'ozuzu na-eri ma nyochaa àgwà nke ịnweta ego, ikpebi otú ihe ọ na-efu a ton nke coal. The price nke ọ bụla ụdị nkume dị nnọọ iche. The kasị oké ọnụ ụdị bụ Anthracite. Ya na-eri bụ na nkezi, si 2000 2500 UAH. / T. Ndị dị ọnụ ala bụ aja aja coal (banyere 1000 UAH. / T) na mmanu ndi mere onwe mmanụ ahịa.

Ọ ga-iburu n'uche na ndị na-eri fosil fuels bụkwa dabere na ha ọkwa na klas. N'ihi ya, ọ bụ ike ikwu n'ezie otú ihe ọ na-efu a ton nke coal. The price nke ìgwè taa bụ free na na-arụnyere na egwupụta ụlọ ọrụ.

Ebupụ na bubata nke Ukrainian coal

Ukrainian ụlọ ọrụ na-eji coal maka ike ọgbọ na dị ka a akụrụngwa na nchara ụlọ ọrụ. Ma thermal coal - Anthracite, obodo ya nwere ókè. Ya mere, ụdị oké nkume bụ banyere 70% nke coal mmepụta ke Ukraine (mgbe exported mba ndị ọzọ). Na nke a, e nwere oké ụkọ coking coal.

N'ihi ya, Ukraine si coal-emeju ụlọ ina site 60%. The atọ akụkụ nke ala nke coking coal bubata si Russia, na USA, Kazakhstan na mba ndị ọzọ. Fọrọ nke nta dum olu nke amịpụtara Anthracite-eri ike ụlọ ọrụ na Ukraine. Ngafe ego nke mmanu ndi mere onwe nkume obodo ebupụ na Bulgaria, Poland, Turkey na Iran. Tinye European ahịa na nnukwu mpịakọta nke siri ike n'ihi ọnụnọ nke nnukwu mee nke elu àgwà coal na Poland na Germany. Ọzọkwa, Mbelata mbupụ deliveries budata emetụta ibu ke Europe na-enye US mmanu ndi mere onwe ego. N'ihi ya, na-adịbeghị anya, ina coal na Ukraine belata 20%.

Nsogbu nke coal ụlọ ọrụ

The coal ụlọ ọrụ nke Ukraine maka a ogologo oge na nsogbu. Dị ka isi, karịa 70% nke ofu akụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nọ ná mkpa nke mmelite na idozi. N'ime afọ 30 nke na-aga n'ihu were, ha ndị budata eyi na mkpa ndochi. N'agbanyeghị ngwa nkà na ụzụ, a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mines ka na-eji ukwuu n'ime ntuziaka oru.

Ogbenye ọnọdụ isi obodo gosipụtara na coal àgwà. Mgbe na-eji na-eyi na-na ngwá mined nkume ọzọ zolistye. Dị ka ihe ọjọọ na ihe mgbe ochie technical isi budata emetụta arụpụtaghị nke oru, na-amụba uru nke amịpụtara oké nkume.

Kol Ngwuputa na Ukraine na-achọ ndị ọzọ ego. Ndị bụ isi ulo oru mbo ke coal ụlọ ọrụ nke mba bụ obodo ego na ya esịtidem n'aka mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ. Maka mmepe nke a akuku nke aku na uba na-achọ bukwanu isi obodo. Na iji rata ukeme si n'èzí, ịkwesịrị ịmepụta mara mma gburugburu ebe obibi maka azụmahịa.

Ke adianade do, coal ụlọ ọrụ nke Ukraine nwere kasị elu enwe ọnụego na larịị nke ihe mberede na-arụ ọrụ. N'agbanyeghị ihe niile omume nke ọchịchị, na coal ụlọ ọrụ bụ ihe kasị dị ize ndụ nke aku na uba na ike nke na-arụ ọrụ. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ, na mmịpụta nke coal na otu nde mmadụ efu nkezi nke abụọ miners.

Otu ihe dị mkpa nsogbu Ukrainian Carbs ụlọ ọrụ bụ a nnukwu ego nke na-egwu kol methane umu anwuru. The ala bụ na n'elu ise mba na okwu nke umu anwuru (nke na akaụntụ maka 80% nke na-arụ ọrụ mines). Ndị ọkachamara na-na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-emepe emepe oru ngo nke ya itinye n'ọrụ, ma otú anya ha jisiri ike ọnọdụ maka nhazi nke naanị 1/10 nke ngụkọta umu anwuru.

Nnọọ-ezighị ezi mmetụta na mmepe nke coal na Ngwuputa nọ nke mmetụta unregulated umu. Part nke a mmepụta bụ 10% nke ngụkọta ike nke coal na Ngwuputa.

Ụzọ ka mma na coal ụlọ ọrụ

Iji dozie nsogbu a kọwara n'elu dị mkpa na-ebu a nso nke jikoro iji na modernization, nwughari na njikarịcha coal na Ngwuputa. Ndị dị otú ahụ na mmemme ama na e emejuputa atumatu na ụfọdụ mines na ada otu abawanye na profitability nke arụmọrụ.

Ọzọkwa, ndị ọchịchị ga-eme ka ya ike iwu na-eme ka ọ mgbanwe ụfọdụ. Iji nweta ihe ndị a ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ndị ọkachamara na-kere a atụmatụ mmepe nke mkpa ndi nke aku na uba na-arụ ọrụ na oru ngo nke nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ike ego.

Ya mere, na coal si Ukraine bụ asọmpi na mba ọzọ na ahịa na-enye zuru ụlọ ina, ndị ọchịchị kwesịrị-arụ ọrụ na abụọ isi ebe: modernization nke ụlọ ọrụ na-arụ iwu mgbanwe, na-ewere n'ime akaụntụ na nke ugbu a na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na mmepe.

ụlọ ọrụ Outlook

Ọ bụ ezie na Ukraine ugbu a na-enwe nnukwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku nsogbu, na ụfọdụ mines kwụsịtụ ọrụ, na coal ụlọ ọrụ nke mba nwere ịrịba atụmanya. Ịtụle otú coal na-anọgide na Ukraine, ya mmepụta nwere ike ịbụ na-eme n'ọdịnihu dị mkpa usoro ụlọ ọrụ nke mba.

Ewere n'ime akaụntụ ọchịchọ nke mmepe nke coal ụlọ ọrụ ná mba ndị ọzọ na isi obodo ike nke mmepụta nke ha onwe ha umu, n'oge a Ukraine bụ ndị ọzọ uru ịzụta coal ná mba ọzọ. Ọ bụrụ na mba na n'ọdịnihu dị nso ga-atụle isi okwu nke okirikiri, mgbe ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ga-amalite na-eto eto ngwa ngwa na-enwe ike eme ka aku na uba ka a ọhụrụ larịị.