Molekụla uka nke ikuku - mkpebi siri ike

Molekụla ibu owụt dị ka nchikota nke pụta nke atọm dị na molekul nke umi. Na-emekarị ọ na-kwupụtara amu (atọm uka nkeji), mgbe ụfọdụ, na-akpọ Da na na-denoted D. N'ihi 1 amu taa nakweere 1/12 ibu C ¹² carbon atọm, na nkeji nke uka hà ^1,66057.10 -27 n'arọ.

N'ihi ya, na-atọm uka nke hydrogen bụ hà 1, na-egosi na a hydrogen atọm na ¹ H 12 C ugboro ¹² mfe carbon atọm. Amụba molekụla ibu chemical compound na ^1,66057.10 -27 nweta molekụla ibu uru kilogram.

Na omume, Otú ọ dị, na-enwe a ihe adaba ịdị ukwuu n'afọ = M / D, ebe M - molekụla ibu na otu ibu nkeji dị ka D. The molekụla uka nke oxygen, kwupụtara na carbon nkeji bụ 16 x 2 = 32 (diatomic oxygen molekul) . N'otu aka ahụ, chemical mgbawa na-gbakọọ molekụla uka nke ọzọ ogige. Molekụla uka nke hydrogen, bụ nke na-a diatomic molekul bụ hà, karị, 2 x 1 = 2.

Molekụla ibu - a ji mara ndị na nkezi uka nke molekul, ọ na-enye ohere maka isotopic mejupụtara nke ndị ọcha nke na-etolite chemical. A na ọnụego nwere ike kpebisie maka a ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ bekee onye mejupụtara mara. Karịsịa, ndị molekụla uka nke ikuku nwere ike iwere hà 29.

Na mbụ na onwu anyị na-eji echiche nke ahumachi. Taa echiche a na-anọchi mol - ego nke umi gụnyere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ahụ (irighiri, atọm, ion) hà Avogadro mgbe nile (6.022 x 10 ^23). Ruo taa, ọ na-omenala ji okwu "ezengwenri (molekụla) arọ." Ma, na iche na ibu, nke na-adabere na ala na-achịkọta, ibu - bụ a mgbe nile na-oke, ya mere, ihe niile ahụ ọ bụ ihe ziri ezi na-eji nke a okwu.

Molekụla uka nke ikuku dị ka gas ndị ọzọ nwere ike hụrụ na-eji Avogadro iwu. Nke a iwu na-ekwu na n'okpuru yiri ọnọdụ yiri mpịakọta nke gas na-ewetara otu nọmba nke ụmụ irighiri. N'ihi ya, n'okpuru ụfọdụ okpomọkụ na mgbali mol gas ga-ogide otu olu. Nyere na a na-eme nanị n'ihi na iwu nke ezigbo, haruru mol gas nwere 6.022 x ^{23 October} ụmụ irighiri ewe 0 ° C na 1 ikuku nsogbu na a olu nke 22.414 lita.

Molekụla uka nke ikuku ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ gaseous bekee bụ dị ka ndị. Kpebisiri ike site uka nke a mara olu nke gas na ụfọdụ nsogbu na okpomọkụ. Mgbe ahụ na-agbazi maka ndị na-abụghị ideality nke ezigbo gas na iji Clapeyron akụkụ PV = RT nyere olu na nsogbu ọnọdụ nke 1 ikuku na 0 Celsius C. Mgbe ahụ, ebe ọ maara na olu na uka n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a maka ezigbo gas, ọ dị mfe iji gbakọọ arọ nke 22,414 lita na ule gas umu ya bụ, ya molekụla arọ. N'ihi ya ma kpebisie ike molekụla uka nke ikuku.

Nke a na usoro na-enye a pụtara ezi molekụla ibu ụkpụrụ, nke na-mgbe ụfọdụ na-eji ọbụna maka mkpebi siri ike nke atọm pụta chemical ogige. N'ihi na a ike ike atụmatụ nke molekụla arọ nke gas ọ na-elekarị ezigbo, na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ukpụhọde na-adịghị mere.

The n'elu usoro a na-eji maka ịchọpụta molekụla arọ nke obodo dị mmiri mmiri.