Nobel Nrite mmeri Russia na Soviet Union na physics, akụnụba, na akwụkwọ

Nobel Nrite na-ọdịda kwa afo Stockholm (Sweden) na Oslo (Norway). Ha na-atụle ihe ndị kasị prestigious mba enọ. Guzosie Ike ha Alfred Nobel - na Swedish mmewe, asụsụ, tycoon, humanist na ọkà ihe ọmụma. Ọ ridara na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ndị nchepụta nke dynamite (nke e patented na 1867), kere òkè bụ isi na ulo oru mmepe nke ụwa anyị. Na weere na Alfred Nobel testament a gwara ya na ya nile ego bara ego, nzube nke nke - awarding nwa anụmanụ nke ndị jisiri ike weta na uru kasịnụ ụmụ mmadụ.

The Nobel Nrite

Nrite ọdịda taa ke ubi nke onwu, physics, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ, akwụkwọ. Ọzọkwa ọdịda nke Peace Nrite.

Russian Nobel Laureates maka akwụkwọ, physics na akụnụba ga-ọkọnọ a n'isiokwu a. Ị ga matakwuo na ha biographies, nchoputa na rụzuru.

Nobel price dị elu. Na 2010, ya size ahụ bụ ihe dị $ 1.5 nde.

The Nobel Foundation e hiwere na 1890.

Russian Nobel Nrite Laureates Ekwueala

Mba anyị nwere ike ịbụ mpako nke aha, ito ya na ubi nke physics, akwụkwọ na akụnụba. Nobel Nrite mmeri Russia na Soviet Union na ebe ndị a na-dị ka ndị a:

• Bunin I. A. (akwụkwọ) - 1933.
• Cherenkov P. A., Frank I. M. na Tamm I. E. (physics) - 1958.
• Pasternak Bl (akwụkwọ) - 1958.
• Landau L. D. (physics) - 1962.
• Basov N. G. na Prohorov A. M. (physics) - 1964.
• Sholohov M. A. (Literature) - 1965.
• Solzhenitsyn Ai (akwụkwọ) - 1970.
• Kantorovich L. V. (akụnụba) - 1975.
• Kapitsa pl (physics) - 1978.
• Brodskiy I. A. (akwụkwọ) - 1987.
• Alferov zh. I. (physics) - 2000.
• Abrikosov A. A. na Ginzburg, L. (physics) - 2003;
• Andre Geim na Novoselov Konstantin (physics) - 2010.

List Olileanya ga-anọgide na ụdi afọ. Nobel Nrite mmeri Russia na Soviet Union, aha nke anyị kwuru n'elu, na-adade n'ụzọ zuru ezu, ma naanị na ebe dị otú ahụ dị ka physics, akwụkwọ na akụnụba. Ke adianade do, anyị na mba ndị ndú na-akara na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na physiology, onwu na, na natara abụọ enọ na ụwa. Ma n'ihi na ha, anyị ga-ekwu okwu ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ oge ọzọ.

Nobel Laureates na Physics

Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ physics nke mba anyị e ọdịda a prestigious award. Gwa anyị ihe banyere ụfọdụ n'ime ha.

Tamm Igor Evgenevich

Tamm Igor Evgenevich (1895-1971) A mụrụ Vladivostok. Ọ bụ nwa nke a obodo engineer. N'oge afọ, m nọ na Scotland na ndị University of Edinburgh, ma mgbe ahụ lọghachiri n'ụlọ ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1918 si Faculty of Physics. Future ọkà mmụta sayensị gara n'ihu na First World War, ebe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka nwanne ebere. Na 1933 ọ gbachiteere ya doctoral tesis, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na 1934, ghọrọ a na-eme nchọpụta na Institute of Physics. Lebedev. Nke a ọkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ na ubi nke sayensị, nke e obere mụọ. Ya mere, ọ na-amụ relativistic (ie, ndị a na-ama ama ozizi relativity, chọrọ Albertom Eynshteynom) kwantum arụzi na nchepụta nke atọm ntọala. Na ya mbubreyo 30s jisiri ọnụ na I. M. Frankom kọwaa mmetụta nke Cherenkov-Vavilov - acha anụnụ anụnụ ọmụmụ na-egbukepụ egbukepụ na-adị n'okpuru nduzi nke gamma radieshon. Ọ bụ n'ihi na ndị a ọmụmụ o mesịrị natara Nobel Nrite. Ma Tamm ya isi rụzuru na sayensị na-atụle ọrụ na-amụ elementrị ahụ na atọm nuclei.

Landau Lev Davidovich

Landau Lev Davidovich (1908-1968) A mụrụ Baku. Ya na Nna ya na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a na mmanụ ala engineer. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ afọ, ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mahadum na ukpono, na na iri na iteghete, na 1927, ọ gụchara akwụkwọ na Leningrad University. Lev Davidovich iso akwụkwọ ná mba ọzọ dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị nwee nkà gụsịrị akwụkwọ ụmụ akwụkwọ na ndepụta ego Commissar. N'ebe a, o keere òkè ná nzukọ ọmụmụ ekenịmde eduga European physics - Paul Dirac na Max mụrụ. Landau on alọta ọ nọgidere na-amụ ihe. Afọ 26, o ruru ogo Doctor nke Science, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị ghọọ prọfesọ. Ọnụ na Lifshitsem Evgeniem Mihaylovichem, otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, o mepụtara a N'ezie maka gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Undergraduate ụmụ akwụkwọ na usoro iwu physics. P. L. Kapitsa kpọrọ Lva Davidovicha na-arụ ọrụ na ya na ulo akwukwo, ma a ọnwa ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị ọkà mmụta sayensị na 1937 na a ụgha oké iwe jidere. N'ihi na a dum afọ o nweghị olileanya nke nnapụta nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ma naanị banyere Stalin Kapitsa zọpụtara ndụ nke ndụ ya: Landau e wepụtara.

The talent nke ọkà mmụta sayensị bụ na achị. Ọ kọwara onu nke fluidity nke mmiri mmiri helium, o kere ozizi kwantum mmiri ma na-amụ oscillations nke elektrọn plasma.

Prohorov Aleksandr Mihaylovich

Prohorov Aleksandr Mihaylovich na Basov Nikolay Gennadevich, Russian Nobel Nrite mmeri na sayensị nke physics, natara a prestigious award maka mepụtara nke laser.

Prokhorov A mụrụ Australia na 1916, ebe nne na nna ya bi kemgbe 1911. Ha a chụgara Siberia site tsarist ọchịchị, na mgbe ahụ ọsọ ná mba ọzọ. Na 1923, ezinụlọ laghachi n'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị na Soviet Union. Alexander gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ukpono si Physics Department of Leningrad University na-arụ ọrụ ebe ọ bụ na 1939 na Institute. Lebedev. Ya na nkà mmụta sayensị rụzuru metụtara redio physics. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na-dọọrọ na 1950 na radio ugboro spectroscopy na njikọ na Basovym Nikolaem Gennadevichem mepụtara na-akpọ masers - molekụla oscillators. N'ihi nke a na mepụtara, achọpụtawo ụzọ ịmepụta a lekwasị radio ebili mmiri. Ndị dị otú ahụ ọmụmụ, n'agbanyeghị na ha Soviet ọrụ ibe mụụrụ na Charlz Tauns, ihe American physics, otú otu òtù kpebiri ịkọrọ a award n'etiti ya na Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị.

Kapitsa Petr Leonidovich

Ndepụta na-aga "Russian Nobel Laureates na physics". Kapitsa Petr Leonidovich (1894-1984) A mụrụ Kronstadt. Nna ya bụ onye agha mmadụ, Lieutenant-General, na nne-ya - mkpoko nke akụkọ ifo na-ama onye nkụzi. pl Kapitsa na 1918 gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Institute na St. Petersburg, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ n'okpuru Ioffe Abrama Fedorovicha, onye pụtara ìhè physics. Na onodu nke agha obodo na mgbanwe ya bụ ekwe omume ime sayensị. Kapitsa nwunye na abụọ nke ụmụ ya nwụrụ n'oge a ịba ahụ ọkụ ọrịa. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị kwagara England na 1921. Ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ama Cambridge University Center na ya na nkà mmụta sayensị-enye Ndụmọdụ bụ Ernest Rutherford, ama physics. Na 1923, Peter Leonidovich ghọrọ a dọkịta nke sayensị, na afọ abụọ mgbe e mesịrị - a so Trinity College - ùgwù òtù ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị.

Pyotr Leonidovich ọrụ tumadi na ibuo physics. Mmasị karịsịa cryogenics. Karịsịa n'ihi ọmụmụ ya na UK na-enyemaka nke Rutherford Laboratory e wuru, na site 1934, ọkà mmụta sayensị kere ihe echichi maka liquefaction nke helium. Petr Leonidovich na afọ ndị ahụ na-abụkarị n'ụlọ, na n'oge na-eleta ndị Soviet na-edu ndú ime ka a ọkà mmụta sayensị na-anọgide na. Na afọ 1930-1934 ọbụna n'ụzọ pụrụ iche wuru laabu na mba maka ya. Na ọgwụgwụ ọ naghị tọhapụrụ site Soviet Union n'oge ọzọ nleta. Ya mere Kapitsa iso ya ọmụmụ ama ebe a, na ọ bụ ike na na 1938 na-emeghe onu nke superfluidity. N'ihi na nke a na 1978, ọ e ọdịda nke Nobel Nrite.

Andre Geim na Novoselov Konstantin

Andre Geim na Novoselov Konstantin, Russian Nobel Nrite mmeri na physics, natara a asọpụrụ award ke 2010 maka ya chọpụtara nke Graphene. Nke a bụ a ọhụrụ ihe onwunwe na-enye gị ohere nke ukwuu amụba ọsọ nke internet ọrụ. Dị ka ọ tụgharịa si, ọ nwere ike weghara na tọghata eletriki ike ego nke ìhè 20 ugboro karịa ihe ọ bụla mbụ mara ihe. Nke a chọpụtara na-dere na 2004. N'ihi ya, e topped ndepụta "Russian Nobel Laureates narị afọ nke 21."

Nrite maka Literature

Mba anyị mgbe a ma ama n'ihi na ya nka creativity. Ndị na-mgbe ụfọdụ na-emegide echiche na echiche - Russian Nobel Laureates na akwụkwọ. Ya mere, A. I. Solzhenitsyn na I. A. Bunin na-na-emegide Soviet ọchịchị. Ma M. A. Sholohov a maara dị ka ezigbo onye Kọmunist. Otú ọ dị, ihe niile mmeri nke Nobel Nrite Russia jikọtara otu - talent. N'ihi ya, ha na-okpono na a prestigious award. "Olee otú ọtụtụ ndị Nobel Nrite mmeri maka akwụkwọ Russia?" - ị na-ajụ. Azịza: na e nwere nanị ise. Ugbu a anyị na-ewebata gị ụfọdụ n'ime ha.

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich (1890-1960) A mụrụ Moscow na a ezinụlọ Leonida Osipovicha Pasternaka, a ma ama na-ese. Nne nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu bụ onye so dee Rosalia Isidorovna, bụ a nkà pianist. Ikekwe nke a bụ ihe mere Boris Leonidovich dị ka a na nwa rọrọ nke onye dere ji ọrụ, ọbụna o mụọ music na nnọọ Skryabina A. N. Ma ịhụnanya nke uri meriri. Boris Leonidovich ama me uri na nchụàjà "Doctor Zhivago", tinyere ka akara aka nke Russian intelligentsia, maa ya ikpe ọnwụ gbakee. The eziokwu na ndị editọ nke edemede magazine, nke na-ede akwụkwọ nyere ya odide, ọrụ a na-ewere mgbochi Soviet na-ekweghị na-ebipụta ya. Mgbe ahụ Boris Leonidovich nyere ya kere eke ná mba ọzọ, na Italy, ebe ọ bụ nke e bipụtara na 1957. Soviet ọrụ ibe eziokwu nke mbipụta nke akwụkwọ na West n'ezoghị ọnụ ikpe, na Boris Leonidovich a chụpụrụ si Dere 'Union. Ma nke a akwụkwọ mere ya a Nobel chọr'inwe-eto eto. Ebe ọ bụ na 1946, onye edemede na-ede uri nominated n'ihi na nke a award, ma ọdịda ya naanị na 1958.

The awarding a prestigious award a, dị ka ọtụtụ, ngwaahịa nke mgbochi Soviet n'ala nna nwere iwe ọchịchị. N'ihi ya, Bl egwu na Ịchụpụ si Soviet Union manyere pụọ na ịnweta na Nobel Nrite. Nanị mgbe 30 afọ Evgeny, nwa oké edemede, nna ya natara a nrite na a ubre.

Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich

Akara aka nke Solzhenitsyna Aleksandra Isaevicha nweghị obere ịrịba ama na-akpali. A mụrụ ya na 1918 na Kislovodsk, na nke nwata na mmalite afọ ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Nobel Laureate ada itie ke Rostov-on-Don na Novocherkassk. Mgbe m gụsịrị ngalaba nke Physics na Mathematics na Rostov University Aleksandr Isaevich bụ onye nkụzi na n'otu oge ahụ, na absentia kụziiri na Moscow, na edemede Institute. Mgbe mmalite nke Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya, ọdịnihu eto eto, nke a kasị akwanyere ùgwù udo na-agbata n'ọsọ gara n'ihu.

Solzhenitsyn, obere oge tupu agha, e jidere ya. Ihe kpatara nke a bụ ya na-akatọ Iosifa Stalina adreesị dị na akwụkwọ ozi nke onye dere agha nnyocha. Naanị na 1953, mgbe ọnwụ nke Iosifa Vissarionovicha, a tọhapụrụ ya. The magazine "New World" na 1962 bipụtara akpa akwụkwọ site a na-ede isiokwu ya bụ "Otu ụbọchị Ivana Denisovicha", nke na-agwa banyere ndụ nke ndị mmadụ na ha mara ụlọikwuu. Edemede na magazin ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-esonụ ọrụ nke Solzhenitsyn ebipụta jụrụ. Ihe kpatara na-akpọ ha mgbochi Soviet na ikuziri. Ma Aleksandr Isaevich nyeghị elu. Ọ, dị ka Pasternak zipuru n'èzí ya odide, ebe ha bipụtara. Ke 1970, ndị Nobel chọr'inwe na Literature e ọdịda ya. Mgbe award ememe na Stockholm dere agaghị m, n'ihi na Soviet ọchịchị ọ na-ekwe ka ịhapụ mba ahụ. Na Soviet Union e kweghị, na ndị nnọchiteanya nke Nobel Committee, na-aga na-enyefe na-agbata n'ọsọ-eto eto na n'ala nna ya.

Gbasara ka akara aka nke onye dere, mgbe ahụ, na 1974 a chụpụrụ ya mba. Na mbụ o biri Switzerland, ekem ọwọrọ aka US ebe ọ nọ ma nye ukwuu mbubreyo Nobel Nrite. Na West, e bipụtara na ọrụ ya na-mara dị ka "Archipelago Gulag" "The okwu mbụ," "Cancer Ward." Solzhenitsyn na 1994 ọ laghachiri Russia.

Ndị a bụ ndị Nobel Laureates Russia. List complemented aha ọzọ, nke nwere ike ịda ada mkpotu.

Sholohov Mihail Aleksandrovich

Anyị ga-agwa gị banyere onye nke Great Ịhụ Mba n'Anya dere - Sholohove Mihaile Aleksandroviche. Ya akara aka bụ iche iche karịa ndị na-emegide nke Soviet ọchịchị (Pasternak na Solzhenitsyn), n'ihi na ọ na-akwado na steeti. Mikhail Alexandrovich (1905-1980) A mụrụ Don. Ọ kọwara mgbe Veshenskaia, ya obere n'ala nna, na ọtụtụ ọrụ. Mikhail Sholokhov okokụre naanị 4 akwụkwọ. O weere ifịk akụkụ agha obodo na ada họrọ ọka surpluses si ọgaranya Cossacks suborder. N'ọdịnihu dere ya na-ama ya-eto eto chere na ya òkù. Na 1922, ọ bịara Moscow, na a ọnwa ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị malitere na-ebipụta na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ha akụkọ. Na 1926, e nwere ndị ịnakọta nke "azure steppe" na "Don akụkọ". Na 1925 ọ malitere ọrụ na nchụàjà "na nke dị jụụ aga ndị Don", raara nye ndụ nke Cossacks na oge pụrụ iche (Civil War, mgbanwe, Agha Ụwa Mbụ). Na 1928 ọ bịara ìhè akụkụ mbụ nke a na-arụ ọrụ, na na 30s e dechara ya na ghọrọ n'elu ihe Sholokhov. Na 1965, onye dere ọdịda nke Nobel chọr'inwe na Literature.

Russian Nobel Laureates na Economics

Mba anyị a na ubi dịghị otú nnukwu dị na akwụkwọ na physics, ebe e nwere ndị a otutu Russian Laureates. Chọr'inwe na akụnụba ka na dị nnọọ otu n'ime anyị compatriot. Gwa anyị ihe banyere ya.

Kantorovich Leonid Vitalevich

Russian Nobel Laureates na akụnụba na-anọchi anya ya naanị otu aha. Kantorovich Leonid Vitalevich (1912-1986) bụ naanị Economist nke Russia na-ọdịda a na-agbata n'ọsọ. Ọ mụrụ ọkà mmụta sayensị na dọkịta ahụ na ezinụlọ St. Petersburg. Nne na nna ya n'oge agha obodo, gbagara Belarus, ebe ọ nọrọ a afọ. Vitaly Kantorowicz, Kantorovich nna nwụrụ n'afọ 1922. Na 1926, ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị banyere hotara na mbụ Leningrad University, ebe ọ na-amụ, na mgbakwunye na nke eke sayensị, dịkọrọ ndụ akụkọ ihe mere eme, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku na uba, mgbakọ na mwepụ. Faculty of Mathematics na ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na afọ 18, na 1930. Mgbe ahụ Kantorovich nọgidere na mahadum dị ka onye ozizi. Na 22, Leonid V.-aghọ a prọfesọ, na a afọ mgbe e mesịrị - na dọkịta. Na 1938, a họpụtara ya ka lab ọkachamara plywood factory, ebe ọrụ nke na-eke dị iche iche akụ oke usoro jirichaa arụmọrụ e haziri n'ihu ya. N'ihi ya, ọ e tọrọ ntọala nkedo usoro nke mmemme. Na 1960 na ọkà mmụta sayensị kwagara Novosibirsk, ebe n'oge ahụ na kọmputa na etiti e kere, ihe ndị kasị elu ná mba ahụ. Ebe ọ nọgidere na-amụ ihe. Na Novosibirsk ọkà mmụta sayensị biri ruo mgbe 1971. N'oge a ọ na e ọdịda nke Lenin Nrite. Na 1975 ọ nọ na ọdịda, ọnụ na T. Koopmans Nobel Nrite, nke o nwetara n'ihi ya onyinye iji ozizi akụ oke.

Ndị a bụ ndị isi Russian Nobel Laureates. 2014 ji anata a Nrite Patrick Modiano (akwụkwọ), Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura (physics). Zhan Tirol natara award na ubi nke akụnụba. Otu n'ime ha e nwere Russian Nobel Laureates. 2013 + wetara a prestigious award maka anyị compatriots. All mmeri na-anọchite anya ndị ọzọ na-ekwu.