Pacemaker - ihe ọ bụ? Olee otú a pacemaker? na-eri nke ọrụ

Pacemaker - nke si na a ọgwụ ele ihe anya? Mbụ niile, ọ bụ a miniature kọmputa ngwaọrụ na apụta na obi muscle. Heart pacemaker enye kacha nọmba nke he dị mkpa maka ndụ. The ngwá nwee ike imeri electrophysiological dissociation nke atria na ventricles, a na-akpọ atrioventricular ngọngọ, ma si otú akawanye obi.

History nke e kere eke

Pacemaker - nke a bụ maka physiologist? Dị ka nke a na ngwaọrụ nwere ike ji mee na okwu nke mmetụta na-enweghị nchịkwa na Filiks ke obi usoro nke ahụ mmadụ? On itinye na-adịghị ike eletrik pulses iwepụ arrhythmias na-eme nnyocha na-eche na mbubreyo narị afọ nke 19. Otú ọ dị, na enweghị technology nke na-amụba eletriki-eziga na a ebelata uru na-adịghị ekwe ka na-amalite na-eme nnyocha nke a.

Naanị ke akpa ọkara narị afọ nke 20, ndị ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ike na-amalite na-amụ mmetụta nke eletriki gboo na obi ọrụ. A ọsụ ụzọ na mpaghara ebe a bụ Italian na-eme nchọpụta Luigi Galvani. Mgbe e mesịrị Russian physiologists N. E. Vvedensky na YU. M. Chagovets malitere ịmụ-ekwe omume nke itinye na-adịghị ike eletrik-agbapụta n'ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ nke ụfọdụ obi ọrịa.

Na 1927, ihe American cardiologist Albert Hyman ka e ụwa mbụ electro-n'ibu ngwaọrụ ịnọgide na-enwe a ufọk ufene n'afọ iri na ụma nke mmadụ obi. The igwe ntukwasi karịrị narị atọ na grams, ngwaọrụ na-kwụsịtụrụ na a pụrụ iche belt na zoro ezo n'okpuru uwe. Otú ọ dị, pacemaker e arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na obere oge e ulo oru Oghere Usoro mmepụta.

mbụ pụta

Pacemaker - na ọ bụ maka Alberta Haymena, Onye Okike nke unit na ibe ya na-emeso gbasara obi arrhythmia? Mbụ niile, nke a bụ nzọụkwụ mbụ a ogologo usoro nke na-amụ ọkụ eletrik usoro, nke nwere ike a ga-etinye na-eje ozi na nkà mmụta ọgwụ.

Uru ngwa nke stimulant Hyman na ihe mberede ọnọdụ ada itie ke 1951, mgbe mgbe na-arụ ọrụ bụ ike ịzọpụta a ndidi na elu transverse obi ngọngọ na arrhythmia ngosipụta. O sina dị, onye ọrịa nwere ogologo oge n'ụlọ ọgwụ, dị ka ọ na-apụghị-akpali unu kpamkpam na a pụtara keukwu ngwa na ozu na, Ọzọkwa, dị mkpa elekọta ya mgbe nile nke ọgwụ na ahụ ike na-arụ ọrụ.

Stimulant-ịkụbanye

World Cardiology Center esonyela agha ike a kọmpat eletriki stimulator, nke ga-atụle ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 80 grams. Na 1958 otu ìgwè nke Swedish ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, edu Dr. Rune Elmqvist ike miniature "Siemens-El." Stimulator mkpọrọ na a mkpa-walled ụlọ mere nke titanium alloy na e nwere ike tinyere n'okpuru anụahụ. Otú ọ dị, ike oriri nke Swedish mepụtara bụ obere - batrị na-enye a usu maka naanị ọnwa 18, mgbe nke onye ọrịa na-amanye ime ịwa iji dochie ike ọkọnọ.

Creation nke ụlọ EKS

N'ikpeazụ, a pacemaker - ihe bụ ya si ele ihe anya nke ndị ọrịa onwe ha? N'ezie, nke a bụ a na-azọpụta ngwá, gbatịrị ndụ nke gbasara obi ọrịa na-ata ahụhụ si dị iche iche obi n'afọ iri na ụma disturbances. Heart muscle arụ ọrụ na nri ụda - bụ isi ihe na anụ ọrụ nke dum ọbara usoro nke ahu.

Na 1960, ndị Soviet academician A. N. Bakulev chigharịkwuuru ndị na-eduga oru emmepe nke Soviet Union chọrọ e kere eke nke ngwaọrụ nke gbasara obi stabilization. The mbụ ọrụ zara Design Bureau ezi mmepe na n'ibu injinịa, nke nwere ọnọdụ nke na-azara ọnụ enterprise. Na mkpirikpi oge na nkà na ụzụ ule, na December 1961 mbụ Russian-mere pacemaker BỤBU-2 "anwụnta" ọma tinyere a ndidi na-ata ahụhụ site na zuru ezu atrioventricular obi ngọngọ nwetara BỤBU samples e kere, rụrụ. Pacemaker "anwụnta" e mepụtara ruo afọ 15, ọtụtụ puku ndị na-arịa ọrịa ndị mmadụ na-azọpụta site na a pụrụ ịdabere na miniature ngwaọrụ.

A elu pasent nke ọnwụ n'ihi ọrịa obi na Soviet Union kara akara ọgwụgwụ nke afọ 50, ọ malitere ịjụ. The pacemaker nke obi, nke reviews si ọrịa n'ozuzu ha mma, ngwa ngwa nweela ewu ewu.

New mgbe niile mma, àgwà nke ụlọ EKS mma. Ná ngwụsị nke 1962, ọhụrụ n'omume, ndị Ministry of Health na-atụ aro maka Oghere Usoro mmepụta. N'ihi ya, kere ke Russia obi pacemaker, reviews banyere àgwà nke nke di mma, ha malitere na-emepụta na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na ahụ ike na profaịlụ.

n'èzí kardiostimulirovanie

Tupu nkunye nke pacemaker ịkụbanye, onye ọrịa nwere ike na-enweta mbido aka na mpụga na kọntaktị na ngwaọrụ esịnede abụọ efere nke ndị na-emi odude na abụọ nke obi, onye n'ihu obi na ndị ọzọ na azụ, n'okpuru ekpe ubu. Akwadoghị akwado agafe site sternum, na-akpata na-eji ire ụtọ mọzụlụ kpum na abụọ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka obi muscle. Nke a na usoro na-akpata ahụ erughị ala na-enwe ndidi, ma dị ka a nwa oge usoro stabilization nke obi ọnụego bụ ihe kwesịrị ekwesị. Na mwepu nke mpụga mmalite Usoro mejupụtara na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọrịa na-ekwesịghị ekpe unattended, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ya bụ amaghị ihe ọ bụla. Wụnye pacemaker ọrụ na a na-adịgide adịgide ndabere, ọ na-achọ ọ ọzụzụ pụrụ iche, nke na-ewe ọtụtụ izu.

Nwa Oge endocardial mmalite

Ụkpụrụ ndị dị otú ahụ na mmetụta na-obi muscle bụ iwebata na nyocha electrode na obi oghere. N'ihi na ndị a arụmọrụ emepụta a akpali mmasị set of eduzi na nyocha onwe ya, nke a napụtara site na venous ọwa na obi. The njedebe nke electrode arụnyere na nri atrium, na ya na-abụghị, proximal njedebe nke ejikọrọ externally isi iyi, site eletriki gboo.

Wụnye a pacemaker na a nwa oge ndabere a na-emekarị na-eji mgbe ọ dịghị oge maka ihe buu ụzọ. Mgbe normalisation nke gbasara obi ọrịa nwere ike gaba nkunye nke a na-adịgide adịgide na ngwaọrụ.

Ka tinyere a na-adịgide adịgide pacemaker

Pacemaker maka nkunye ọrụ nke bụ obere usiakidem, e mere maka ogologo oge. Nkunye na-emekarị rụrụ n'okpuru obodo Nkụnwụ. The dum usoro na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ nkebi. Akpa, mbepụ nke anụ ahụ na anụ ahụ na akwara-akpa iche. Mgbe obi na rụrụ chọrọ nọmba nke electrodes na-enịm ke obi-ulo. Mgbe iwebata nke na-eduzi na-achọpụta na niile data: uche, pacing fọrọ, ihe kacha ndokwa nke eri, conductive pulses. Mgbe ahụ fixation nke electrodes emee, a bed a kpụrụ maka pacemaker na tinyere ngwaọrụ.

Mgbe ụfọdụ, ịkụbanye adịghị abata ozugbo, o nwere ike ọbụna ịbụ a nta jụrụ, ma mbufụt ngwa ngwa talatara n'okpuru nduzi nke ot ọgwụ ọjọọ, na-enwe ndidi na-aga n'ihu na-ebi ndụ a nkịtị maara ndụ.

Isi ọrụ nke pacemaker

The ngwaọrụ bụ otu kọmputa ngwaọrụ webatara ke a kọmpat metal ụlọ. The microprocessor na kwadoro site na a batrị mere maka a afọ ole na ole. Ụkpụrụ nke ọrụ nke ụlọ EKS bụ ime ihe a na-anọghị nke mgbe mkpi nke obi muscle nke onye ọrịa. The pacemaker e mere ka usu zitere ya electronic ụbụrụ, fọrọ nke nta mgbe mbubreyo - oge dị iche bụ ole na ole hundredths nke a abụọ.

N'oge kwesịrị ime ihe nke obi ngwaọrụ akpa àgwà enwetụghịdị mmasị - eziga dịghị usu. E nwere otu ìgwè nke pacemakers nwere ikike imeghari ugboro. N'ọnọdụ dị otú integrated mmetụta ngwaọrụ, chebaara mgbanwe ọrịa ọrụ. N'ezie, a na osooso mmetụta, ihe accelerometer, nke na-eme mgbanwe ndị na ECG parameters na akụkụ okuku ume ọnụego. N'oge mmega obi pacemaker eziga gboo speeded elu.

The ọhụrụ ụdị nke ECS na-enwe ike iji chekwaa data na-arụ ọrụ nke obi, nke nwere ike mgbe ahụ na-mmeputa ileba anya ma ọ bụ digital media maka analysis. Nke a na atụmatụ na-enye ohere dibịa ekenye ezigbo ọgwụ ọrịa, nakwa dị ka na-ahọrọ afọ nke pacemaker ọrụ. Idegharị dị otú ahụ ngwá ga-ẹkenịmde ke otu ugboro kwa ọnwa isii. Pacemaker, ego nke echichi nke bụ ngwa ngwa dị ka mmadụ na nkezi ego nwere ike dochie anya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.

Transesophageal pacing

Maka nchoputa nke arrhythmia ihe na ọrịa ule usoro a na-eji na a nyocha. pụrụ iche na-eduzi ya na ihe electrically conductive n'ọnụ na-etinyere n'ime nkọlọ. Na nyocha na-kwụsịrị na n'ókè nke na kọntaktị nke obi, ma ọ bụ kama ekpe atrium, na nkọlọ. generator, nke na-anapụta pulses nke dị iche iche ugboro ole a na-Switched na. The dị otú ahụ pụtara research bụ ịchọpụta ihe ọnụnọ nke ịrịa ọrịa obi. Palpitations n'okpuru nduzi nke electric pulses nwere ike na-egosi ojuju nke obi muscle ibu.

Transesophageal pacing zuru ezu eluigwe na ala, ọ pụrụ inye aka ịchọpụta a dịgasị iche iche nke gbasara obi ọrịa. Mgbe ụfọdụ tees ekwe omume: gbaa paroxysmal tachycardia, ijide atrial flutter, igosi nwa oge mkpalite na bradyarrhythmias, Bilie ugboro ugboro usu, iji kpochapụ ọrịa imi syndrome. Ụfọdụ manipulations kwere omume naanị na a miri nyocha ebe ke na nkọlọ.

Pacemaker: na-eri nke ọrụ

Wụnye pacemaker na Russia nwere ike na-eri site na 65 ruo 650 puku rubles. A ego na-agụnye ndị na-eri nke ngwaọrụ onwe ya, na nkunye akwụ ụgwọ na postoperative oge. Pacemaker onwe ya, na price nke kpebisiri ike site emeputa, nwere ike ịbụ e ala (20 puku. Ete.). Oke nke ụdị dị ka onye ọrịa. Ọ dị mma na-a pacemaker, reviews nke ukwuu n'ime ọma. Nke a ngwaọrụ ụlọ ọrụ Medtronic, StJudeMedical, Guidant na Biotronic.