The ebe nke Don Cossacks mere eme. Map Area nke Army Don

Don Cossack agha nwere ókèala ndị Don Cossacks. N'oge anyị a, ala a na-emi odude Rostov, Volgograd, Lugansk, Voronezh region na Kalmykia. Ezie Rostov e sonyeere ebe a na nke ikpeazụ ihe atụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na akwụkwọ on bi na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ebe ẹnịm ya ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na-edebe ihe ochie.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke e guzobere Don Cossacks

The ụbọchị nke ukara guzobe nke Don Cossacks atụle wepuÚ mbụ e dere isi iyi, nke e chekwara na ụbọchị anyị. Ọ bụ a ajụjụ nke Ivana Groznogo, nke ọ na-ajụ Michael Ataman Cherkashenina nrubeisi mgbe eze Novosiltsev ndu Constantinople. Ụzọ ya ada n'elu Don. N'oge ọchịchị a kwere nkwa imere ndị Cossacks. Mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị nke diplọma - January 3, 1570. Mgbe ọ bụ doro anya na ọ bụ eziokwu ahụ bụ na Union of Cossacks, ndị Don agha a kpụrụ ọtụtụ mbụ. N'ihi na uzọ ọzọ eze nanị na ọ dịghị onye ga-kwara.

Ma akwụkwọ na-egosi na site na oge Don Cossacks eze na-eche nche n'ebe ndịda nke alaeze. Ná ngwụsị nke XVI narị afọ, ọ na-arụ ókèala si mba ọzọ na a ngụkọta ogologo banyere 800 kilomita. Ọ dị na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Don na ya tributaries. Na mgbe ọzọ na narị afọ Cossacks nke Don agha ndị bụ isi agha na-alụ ọgụ ndị Turkish na Polish mwakpo. N'ihi na ha na-ejere ha natara ego, gunpowder, idu ndú, ákwà na achịcha.

Obodo kwụụrụ onwe-ọchịchị

Don Cossacks nwayọọ nwayọọ kewara abụọ dị iche iche: Thrifty na golutvennye. Ihe mbụ ọtụtụ ndị agadi-Ngụọge ma dọba ke ala ala, na nke ikpeazụ na-obibi ma biri na elu esịmde nke osimiri ahụ. Tupu mmalite nke XVIII narị afọ. Land nke Don agha ndị kwurula na nọ n'okpuru nke ndị agha gburugburu na-hoputara Executive ozu. Tupu na-aga na ntuli aka wee ebe Ataman, na-enwe na-akparaghị ókè ike. The agha e kewara a narị na iri ise, ndị isi nke nke di centurions, Pentikọstal na Khorunzhiy. Mgbe Bulavin nsogbu ndị Don Cossack agha subordinated na Military Collegium.

Ebe ọ bụ na 1763 na Cossack ọrụ ghọrọ amanyere bụ iwu ka nwere a ndụ na ọdịdị. Agha nke 1773-1775 bụ ndị nkịtị akwụsị Cossack obodo kwụụrụ. Don were eze agha. Ma ọ bụghị ndị ọgwụgwụ nke "svoevolnichestva", nke e kere ruo ogologo oge na mgbe na.

Don enweghị nke onwe

1769-1775 afọ - guzobe Cossack otu Petersburg Legion na pyatisotennogo Ataman nke Don Cossacks ndi agha.

1797 - ntọala nke Don Cossack ogbunigwe. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị wee ebe nhọrọ nke Cossacks dị ka otu nọọrọ onwe ha ndi agha, na ha n'ohu tụnyere agha. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-enwe equating ụgwọ Cossacks ugwo nke kwekọrọ ekwekọ n'ohu.

Na afọ 1798-1800 onyeisi ọrụ Cossack wee ahụ ikike dị ka Russian ama, na serfs enwetara. N'ịbụ ndị na-esonụ innovations:

• Okwu Mmalite nke a afọ 30 mgbe nke agha;
• definition nke agha kit;
• adọ ọnọdụ usu ndi nāpunara madu starshina ndi agha dị ka onye na-enyere iwu, ya substituent;
• nkewa nke uwe agha na-adị kwa ụbọchị n'ụlọ.

Reform nke 1835

Innovation 1835 nyere ka onye ọ bụla Cossack òkè ego nke 30 acres. Ma ugbua na 1916 a ego ahụ belatara ruo 11, na a ga-adaba adaba ala bụ naanị 9.8 acres ala. Ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, ihe karịrị ọkara nke Cossack ezinụlọ na-amanye ịgbazite ndị a akpa nkata, iji kwụọ ụgwọ na ngwá agha. Naanị a ise nke ezinụlọ nwere n'oge ọgaranya.

Mgbe mgbanwe nke 1835 na agha na ndi nkiti na niile Cossacks e kewara ekewa. The ebe nke Don Cossacks tụrụ anya ndị na-esonụ mgbanwe:

• re;
• ngalaba nke ndị agha ebe;
• amanyere bụ iwu conscription nke nwoke bi si 18 ka afọ 43;
• machibido niile na ókèala ndị agha nke ndị ala ọzọ;
• Cossack mgbanwe n'ime a mechiri emechi na klas na ndụ nke thereto;
• nnwapụta nke ọhụrụ usu ndi nāpunara madu gaa.

Ihu nke Don Army Region

Na 1874, o were okwu nke ọhụrụ ala nke esịtidem akara. Ọ gụnyere a ndi nāpunara madu nke mkpara, management nke onye agha ngalaba na ogbunigwe. 1875 - iwebata nke ukara aha nke Don Cossacks. N'otu afọ enwere a Mbelata oge nke agha ka afọ 20.

N'oge ọchịchị nke Alexander III UBI Don Army (Donetsk mpaghara) e mmasị Gradonachalstva Taganrog na Rostov County. Of ha mere ọhụrụ Civic district. N'otu afọ e-ekpochapụ posts isi ngalaba.

The February mgbanwe nke 1917 afọ na-kpata guzobe nke Don agha ọchịchị. Isi ya ghọrọ Ataman AM Kaledin. Ọ na-emegide ntoputa nke ndị Soviet. Na 1918 ọ wee ebe guzobe nke Don Soviet Republic, ebe ọ bụ mgbe niile na-egbu maramara mgbochi Soviet nsogbu. Na 1920, ndị Don Cossack Host kwụsịrị ịdị adị na e weghachiri naanị na 90-ies nke XX narị afọ.