History of chocolate

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chocolate, dị ka ndị ọkachamara, malitere na Millennium mkpọsa ngwá ahịa Mexico afọ atọ gara aga. On koko mkpụrụ ya mara American Indian nke Olmec mmepeanya, nke adị 1,000 afọ BC Oleekwa otú o si mee?

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chocolate: mmalite

Ọbụna tupu ndị dị otú ahụ oké na a maara nke ọma mepee ka Maya na Aztec, na mpaghara nke ndị Gulf of Mexico ebo Olmec bi. Ha nwere ihe dị nnọọ n'ihi na oge mbụ na malitere ịkwadebe a ọṅụṅụ si koko agwa, ha onwe-ha bụ ndị mbụ na onye na-eto chocolate osisi. Na mberede, okwu "n'aka nke na-ada" ruru kpomkwem ke ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị na ogologo nwuchapu ebo.

Mgbe e mesịrị koko ọṅụṅụ riri na Maya, ma ha na-akpọ ya ghọrọ "shokolatl". The Aztec, ọ na-akpọ "kakahuatl". Site n'ụzọ, ọ hụrụ na ndị Jentaịl ahọrọ dị ka na-efe ofufe ọ bụla pụrụ iche. Indian omenala ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ sochiri ibe ha, ma akparamagwa nke koko mgbe nile karịa nsọpụrụ. The Maya kweere na e nwere ọbụna a chi nke koko na chocolate ọṅụṅụ iwesa n'oge ememe okpukpe, na-ewere ya dị nsọ. Ndị Aztec na-aghọta koko mkpụrụ osisi dị ka nri nke chi, kwere na "kakahuatl" na-enye ha nghọta ime mmụọ.

Taa, ndị mere n'oge ochie nke chocolate na-ọma deere ekele ịtụnanya achọta chọpụtara na ókèala Belize. E kwere omume ịchọta powder fossilized sedimenti, nke na-ezo, dị ka ọkà mmụta sayensị, na 600 BC Dị ka a n'ihi nke chemical analysis, ọ hụrụ na ọ bụghị nanị comminuted na mgbe esie koko agwa, gbakwunyere na aromatic adịghị.

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke chocolate e mepụtara n'ihu mgbe na 1502 Columbus rutere ụgbọ ya na American ala. Mgbe ahụ ndị India na-emeso ka ya iko na-ekpo ọkụ chocolate. The njem, Otú ọ dị, jụrụ ugbu a, ma were Ntụziaka na koko mkpụrụ na ị na-ewetara Eze nke Spain. Edidem nwekwara ghọtaghị ọhụrụ. Na naanị mgbe na 1519, na Mexico n'ụsọ oké osimiri na kpebiri Cortes steepụ kwa ilu ọchịchịrị chocolate sweetened na okpete sugar, na mgbe ahụ na-eme ka Spanish eze, na mepere anya ụwa ekele a nri ekele.

Chocolate e ji a ogologo oge naanị na mmiri mmiri n'ụdị. Tiled n'otu ụdị ahụ mbụ pụtara ebe n'etiti narị afọ nke 19, mgbe British kụrụ n'elu echiche na-mix koko ntụ ntụ, koko butter na sugar. On chocolate Ogwe ozugbo e bụ nnukwu ina. Ka e mesịrị na ọhụrụ ngwaahịa malitere tinye mmiri ara ehi - ya mere a mụrụ nke mmiri ara ehi chocolate, nke dị ugbu a nke ọma n'ihu ilu ewu ewu.

Taa ụwa dum hụrụ chocolate, nke nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi ihe ndị kasị elu mmepụta teknụzụ ime ihe kpamkpam dị iche iche iche-iche. Taa confectioners emepụta ngwaahịa dabeere na koko nut, lactic, fondant, yoghurt fillings na ṅara n'ọkụ mkpụrụ, mịrị amị mkpụrụ, candied mkpụrụ, ikuku osikapa, na-atụkwasịkwa ya pungent ose. Chocolate gbazere omenala decorates ọtụtụ ndị achịcha na pastries. Na, n'ezie, niile ụmụaka na ndị okenye n'anya-aṅụ koko ọṅụṅụ ụtụtụ na-esi a akpan akpan ezumike Crafts mara mma mgbakọ chocolate.

A chocolate ngosi nka na Moscow - na ọ bụ ihe dị ịtụnanya, kpokọtara ebe nrọ ka nwatakịrị ọ bụla na-a njem na osimiri nke chocolate (site ụzọ, ọ na-e sere na n'ala nke oruru) na ụwa nke na ato uto, ụtọ na-elu ilu na n'otu oge ahụ. Okenye, n'ihi na n'aka, ga-na-enweghị mmasị na ndị ọgaranya thematic exposition n'ihu ebe a, nke mere ngosi si ịnakọta nke ndị dị otú ahụ kpara confectionaries dị ka ire ere Front, Red October, Babaevskaya me si Guatemala, Honduras na Mexico, na ethnographic collection nke ihe, otu ụzọ ma ọ bụ ọzọ ejikọrọ na koko.